Concept Map 2: controlling BSL Terms: blood glucose (increase, decrease), hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, glucagon, insulin, type 1 diabetes, ineffective insulin, inadequate insulin, type 2 diabetes, glycogen Draw a diagram logically linking all of the terms.

Blood Sugar Level HyperglycemiaHypoglycemia Glucagon released Inadequate insulin Ineffective insulin DM Type 1DM Type 2 Release liver glycogen Blood glucose Concept Map: Controlling BSL Insulin released Blood glucose Blood glucose

Question of the Day You have met your daily calorie and glucose needs. Plus, you have exceeded your protein need by 20 gms. What will your body do with the extra protein? a. Convert it to glycogen b. Convert it to storage protein c. Make it into fat d. Excrete in the urine e. Store it as ATP

Question of the Day You have met your daily calorie and glucose needs. Plus, you have exceeded your protein need by 20 gms. What will your body do with the extra protein? a. Convert it to glycogen…Already met glucose need b. Convert it to protein...Protein is NOT stored c. Make it into fat…Exactly what happens! d. Excrete in the urine...Only the N is excreted e. Store as ATP…Store as fat, make ATP as needed

Why Eat Vegetarian? Why Eat Vegetarian? You tell me.

Vegetarian Variations Lacto Ovo No animal flesh Includes dairy/eggs…can be hi fat! Vegan……No animal flesh or by-products Fruits, veggies, grains, nuts, beans, seeds Common, BUT typically not a diet of choice Macrobiotic, Pescetarian, Frutarian… etc.!

Question of the Day Think Vegan! What is the major health advantage/disadvantage of this diet?

No cholesterol Low saturated fat High fiber Phytochemical rich Relatively inexpensive High nutrient, low Calorie density Smart choice environmentally and for personal health Vegan Diet: Health Advantages

The real Paleo Diet

Iron and Zinc Beans, whole grains, fortified foods Vitamin B-12 Fortified food, supps* Vitamin D Fortified soy, sun, supps Calcium beans, most tofu, leafy greens, fort. foods Vegan: Special diet concerns

Iron and Zinc Beans, whole grains, fortified cereals, supps Calcium Fortified foods, beans, most tofu, supps Vitamin B-12 !!! Fortified food, supps Vitamin D Fortified soy, sun, supps Vegan: Protein adequacy; not a concern

…but, how can I get enough protein if I don’t eat meat???

Yes Affirmative! No problem!! Of course!!!

What foods groups provide protein?

Dietary Sources of Protein Nuts Grains Legumes – beans, soy Animal flesh Eggs Dairy products Protein supplements Note: often unneeded easy to overdose

Compare Menus for Protein Menu #1 12 oz soy milk 2 slices whole wheat bread 1 tbsp jam 2 tbsp peanut butter Menu #2 Fast food burger (Big Mac type) Mayo, ketchup, tomato, pickle Fries small Soda 24 oz

Compare Menus for Protein Menu #1 12 oz soy milk 12 2 slices whole wheat bread 8 1 tbsp jam 0 2 tbsp peanut butter 8 Menu #2 Fast food burger (Big Mac type) 25 Mayo, ketchup, tomato, pickle 0 Fries small 3 Soda 24 oz 0

Does Protein Quality Matter? YES!YES!

Measuring Protein Quality Complete: Essential AA mix = human need Animal products and soy Incomplete: Essential AA mix ≠ our need Plant products: grains, nuts, beans, seeds How do vegans meet their protein needs?

Solution: Protein Complementation Global standard  Grains + Legumes Examples ◦ Rice + beans ◦ Tofu + rice ◦ Lentils + barley ◦ Garbanzos + couscous ◦ US favorite ??? The PBJ wheat+peanut

Rice and Beans

Corn (grain) and Black Eye Peas

Garbanzos + Wheat (Hummus and Pita)

To include animal products or not? A meat based diet is: tasty relatively cheap $-wise in US expensive environmentally (can be) costly to your health

What changes can you make to eat more vegetarian meals?

Eat more like a vegetarian. What changes can you make? Try a Meatless Monday. Eat less meat than you do currently. Choose 100% pasture fed beef. Buy local, organic meats. Commit to eat a vegan diet for three days before the end of term. ??????

Compromise?! Eat vegan ….or like one more often !

Optional slides

Protein Needs of Vegetarian Omnivore =.8 g/Kg (~.4 g/lb) Lacto-Ovo = 1.0 g/Kg (~.5g/lb) Vegan = 1.2 g/Kg (~.6g/lb) Infant 0-1 yr ~ 2g/kg !!!!! Protein deficiency = Kwashiorkor Protein deficiency uncommon in US!!

Arable Land: a Finite Resource 90% U.S. agricultural land used for animal production….either as pasture or grain acreage ~Majority of corn/soy grown in US is fed to livestock…. not people

The cost of producing meat Land damage ◦ Erosion, overgrazing, deforestation Intensive water use (feed grain/animal) Air/water pollution (manure, antibiotics) Biodiversity  ;  resistant species Heavy demand on fossil fuel

Fossil Fuel Calories  Edible Calories 1/3 Cal  1 Cal grain protein 2 Cal  1 Cal ready to eat cereal protein 1-5 Cal  1 Cal veg protein Cal  1 Cal animal protein

Beef: The Impact What does it take to make a pound burger? ◦ ~10 pounds of grain (corn and soy) ◦ ~100 pounds of topsoil ◦ ~ 2, 500 gallons water