Human Body Systems Review

Muscular System Function: to support and provide mobility Main Parts: Smooth muscle: controlled by the autonomic nervous system Cardiac muscle: found in the heart, acts like rhythmic smooth muscle, Skeletal muscle: move us around and is responsible for most of our behavior. It is attached to bones.

Muscular System Tendons: Voluntary Muscles: Involuntary Muscles: A tough band of tissue that connects muscles to tissue Voluntary Muscles: Muscles that are controlled by the brain Skeletal and Smooth Muscles Involuntary Muscles: Muscles that are connected to uncontrollable nerves. Cardiac muscles

Muscular System Illnesses: Fun Facts: Muscular dystophy There are over 700 different skeletal muscles It takes 17 muscles to smile and 43 to frown The strongest muscle in the body is the tongue We are about 1 cm taller in the morning than in the evening It takes 200 muscles to make one step

Skeletal System Function: support, movement, protection, and the production of blood cells.

Skeletal System Compact Bone: Spongy Bone: Dense, rigid, and shaped like a cylinder It protects the spongy bone Spongy Bone: Light, porous, and looks like a honeycomb

Skeletal System Axial Bones: Appendicular bones: Bones of your head and trunk Appendicular bones: Appendicular is the adjective for appendage Bones of your arms and legs

Skeletal System Protection: Illnesses: Fun Facts: Skull- Brain Ribs- heart and lungs Backbone- spinal cord Illnesses: Osteoporosis Fun Facts: Hardest bone is your jaw bone Babies are born with 300 bones, but by adulthood the number is reduced to 206 bones

Nervous System Function: its like the body’s wiring and allows us to perceive, comprehend, and respond t o our environment. Nerves: Connect to each other and allow us to send signals back and forth between parts of our body

Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System: Voluntary Nervous System: Controls involuntary actions. Ex. Beating of your heart, swallowing Voluntary Nervous System: Controls your body movements Central Nervous System: Head and trunk Peripheral Nervous System: Arms and legs

Nervous System Illnesses Fun Facts Nerve disorders Stroke Alzeheimer’s disease Fun Facts There are more nerve cells in the human brain then there are stars in the sky If we were to line up all the neurons in our body it would be around 600 miles long

Respiratory System Function: a series of organs that takes in oxygen and expels carbon dioxide Main Organs Nasal cavity or mouth: the starting and ending point for breathing Trachea: allows air to travel to the lungs Lungs: allows gas exchange

Respiratory System Gas that we inhale: Oxygen Gas that we exhale: Carbon Dioxide Illnesses: Lung cancer Cystic Fibrosis Fun Facts: People younger then 30 breathe double the amount of people older than 80 Yawning brings more oxygen to the lungs

Circulatory System Function: transports blood and oxygen from the lungs to other parts of the body Main Organs Heart: pumps blood through the body Arteries, veins, and capillaries: carry blood through out the body

Circulatory System What is blood pressure? The pressure of blood on the walls of blood vessels What does it mean if your blood pressure is to high? Low? High (Hypertension): causes strain on your blood vessels and results in in damage Low (Hypotension): causes dizziness and fainting

Circulatory System Illnesses: Fun Facts: Heart attack Heart diseases Lay out all the blood vessels end to end, it would stretch out 60,000 miles

Digestive System Function: the organs work together to absorb nutrients from food Major Organs: Mouth Throat Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine

Digestive System Mechanical Digestion: Breaks down food into smaller pieces by chewing Chemical Digestion: Breaks down food into smaller pieces by chemicals in your stomach Illnesses: Chron’s Disease Fun Facts: Esophagus ranges from 10 to 14 inches in length We make 1 to 3 pints of saliva a day

Endocrine System Functions: collection of glands that secretes hormones Major Organs Thyroid Adrenal gland Pancreas Ovaries (women) Testes (men)

Endocrine Hormones: a chemical that regulates our body Homeostasis: our body being at equilibrium ie. We do not have a temperature Illness: Metabolism disorders Diabetes Alcohol poising Fun Facts: Diabetes was once tested by tasting urine Stress kicks the endocrine system into high gear

Excretory System Function: the process of removing waste from the body Major Organs: Kidney: produce important hormones, filter blood, produce urine Ureter: transport urine from the kidney to the bladder Urethra: carries the urine from the bladder to the exit Bladder: stores urine before it is excrete

Excretory System What is excretion?’ What is elimination? Illnesses: Only the removal of metabolic waste What is elimination? The removal of indigestible material and metabolic waste Illnesses: Bladder infection Kidney stones Fun Facts: A person pees about 3000 times a year The bladder can hold 16-24 ounces of urine - A person poops about 305 pounds a year