Unmaking the cannon Questioning the reason and order – the enlightenment foundation cultivating irrationality the human psyche as a source for exploration e.g. surrealism, Zen

surrealism “SURREALISM, n. Psychic automatism in its pure state, by which one proposes to express -- verbally, by means of the written word, or in any other manner -- the actual functioning of thought. Dictated by the thought, in the absence of any control exercised by reason, exempt from any aesthetic or moral concern. ENCYCLOPEDIA. Philosophy. Surrealism is based on the belief in the superior reality of certain forms of previously neglected associations, in the omnipotence of dream, in the disinterested play of thought. It tends to ruin once and for all all other psychic mechanisms and to substitute itself for them in solving all the principal problems of life. ~ Andre Breton, Manifesto of Surrealists m )‏ m Exploration of the unconscious- dream, sexuality and taboo e.g. automatism and randomness (also montage) (~ see )‏

Salvador Dali ( )‏

Salvador Dalí. The Persistence of Memory Oil on canvas, 9 1/2 x 13" (24.1 x 33 cm). © 2007 Salvador Dalí, Gala-Salvador Dalí Foundation/Artists Rights Society (ARS), New York

Salvador Dalí (Spanish, ). Portrait of my Dead Brother, Oil on canvas. 69 x 69 in. (175 x 175 cm). The Salvador Dalí Museum, St. Petersburg, Florida. © The Salvador Dalí Museum, Inc.

Psychoanalysis

Rene Magritte( )‏ Working with contradiction

The Human ConditionThe Human Condition, 1935

Time TransfixedTime Transfixed,

The Treachery of ImagesThe Treachery of Images,

Man Ray, The Gift,1919

Man Ray ( ) Le Violon d'Ingres, 1924 Silver nitrate print with markings in pencil and Indian ink 31 x 24,7 cm J.-A.-D. Ingres ( ) Caption Valpinçon Bather oil on canvas 1808

Black and White 1926 Fetish and desire

Sleeping Woman. 1929

montage is a technique in film editing in which a series of short shots are edited into a sequence to condense space, time, and information. It is usually used to suggest the passage of time, or to bear symbolic meanings. Salvador Dali and Luis Buñuel 1929 Un Chien Andalou (An Andalusian Dog) ( )‏Un Chien Andalouhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Un_Chien_Andalou

Machine and automatism

André Masson. Automatic Drawing. (1924). Ink on paper, 9 1/4 x 8 1/8" (23.5 x 20.6 cm). Museum of Modern Art, New York.Museum of Modern Art

Masson would often force himself to work under strict conditions, for example, after long periods of time without food or sleep, or under the influence of drugs. He believed forcing himself into a reduced state of consciousness would help his art be free from rational control, and hence get closer to the workings of his subconscious mind. From around 1926 he experimented by throwing sand and glue onto canvas and making oil paintings based around the shapes that formed. By the end of the 1920s, however, he was finding automatism rather restricting, and he left the surrealist movement and turned instead to a more structured style, often producing works with a violent or erotic theme, and making a number of paintings in reaction to the Spanish Civil War

Star, Winged Being, Fish 1955 L'Etoile, être ailé, poisson Oil, sand and glue on canvas support: 551 x 380 mm painting Masson began to make sand paintings in the mid-1920s as a form of automatic composition. By pouring sand onto a surface ribboned with glue, he allowed unplanned elements into his work. When he returned to the technique for later works such as Star, Winged Being, Fish, Masson threw a mixture of glue and sand onto the canvas. The effect was much denser, creating lines and raised islands of sand. In these areas, Masson found elements created by chance that he then enhanced in paint in order to draw out the latent image. paintingscompositioncanvas

凌佩詩 弦畫漁舟唱晚 2010