1 A Larger World Opens: Expanded Influence of Western Civilization 1400’s Age of Exploration and Colonization

2 Europe in the Dark Ages n FOOD n Ideas n Questions n Hopes, dreams, aspirations

3 A Look Back n Crusades Battle between two religious groups. Why? What was the immediate outcome of the Crusades? What was the far reaching outcome of the Crusades – and how does it show that the far away past effects the present?

4 The Renaissance n Literature n Science n Art n Politics

5 Motives in the Age of Exploration n Attracted to East for silks and spices n Desire for wealth and adventure n Religious zeal- save souls Gold, Glory and God

6 Pattern of Contact n Begin by trading n Armed conflict- Europeans had cannon n Set up trading partners- some stay to protect partners and Europeans n Made alliances with local leaders n Developed mercantilism- trade centered around Home Nation

7 Impact on World by European Contact n Purpose was to serve the homeland weather it was slaves, furs, cotton, fish, spices, tobacco, gold or silver. Colonies improved the lives of Europeans greatly. n In the Americas More intermarriage by Spanish /Portuguese and French Disease was devastating. Measles, influenza, smallpox Violence common

8 The World Dominated by Europe n Africa- completely dominated by Europe- only one independent country Ethiopia n Southeast and Asia- French in Vietnam, British in Burma, Spanish in Philippines, Dutch in Indonesia n India- French and British compete- British win out, not independent until 1948 n South America- Spanish dominated: Others joined ( French, Dutch, British, and Portuguese) too

9 Improvements in Navigation n Better maps, follow coasts at first, used compass n better ships- square sails and new hull design, heavy enough to carry canon n use of astrolabe- magnetic compass sail by stars n knowledge of wind patterns n First the Portuguese (Prince Henry) then Spanish, France and England

10 Portuguese Explorers n Prince Henry- 1460t looking for trade and an ally against the Muslims/ Congo n Diaz- made it to Cape of Good Hope 1488 n Vasco de Gama- went in search of Christians and spices- arrived in India n 1510 Portuguese flags in Goa, India and Macao, China

11 The Spanish n believed had to be a short cut by sailing west n Columbus- (Genoan) went west 1492 n arrived in Caribbean thought it was the Indies thus the west Indies- n Magellan- around the world n East and West divided- Pope drew a line Spain and Portugal

12 Pattern of Contact n Begin by trading n Armed conflict- Europeans had cannon n set up trading partners- some stay to protect partners and Europeans n made alliances with local leaders n Dutch and English less apt to become involved with culture/religion n developed mercantilism- material from colony- buy finished products form Europe.

13 Slave Trade n Portuguese- trade with Africa- To Portugal as servants than to Brazil to work on plantations n Africans less susceptible to European diseases that Native Americans n But death rate was high 13-30% just on the trip n African middlemen active- depopulate entire areas of Africa- food from Americas helped increase birthrate

14 Spice Trade-East Indies n Very important to Europeans- made food palatable n Portuguese again led the way n Spain in the Philippines- stayed till 1898 n Dutch East India Company very aggressive- competed with British East India Company n Both dominated the East Indies and India