Animal Nutrition I (Ch. 41). Keywords Heterotroph Autotroph Herbivore Carnivore Omnivore Intracellular digestion Food vacuole Extracellular digestion.

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Presentation transcript:

Animal Nutrition I (Ch. 41)

Keywords Heterotroph Autotroph Herbivore Carnivore Omnivore Intracellular digestion Food vacuole Extracellular digestion Gastrovascular cavity Alimentary canal Basic parts of alimentary canal Roles of mouth and stomach in digestion

Some of the best known and fascinating adaptations of animals involve their feeding and digestion

Examples: Reptile swallowing prey Baleen whales

Python

Starfish

Chiasmodon niger

Cryptopsaras couesi

Eurypharynx pelecanoides

Categories I. Autotroph II. Heterotroph –A. Herbivore –B. Carnivore –C. Omnivore

Today we’ll focus on heterotrophs: Digestion Basic principles Invertebrates Humans

Why is digestion necessary? Macromolecules cannot easily enter cell COO- NH3+ cytoplasm Cell membrane peptide

Small molecules such as amino acids can cytoplasm Cell membrane Peptide being digested

cytoplasm Cell membrane Peptide being digested

cytoplasm Cell membrane Peptide being digested

cytoplasm Cell membrane Peptide being digested

cytoplasm Cell membrane Digested peptide

Even if macromolecules are taken in… COO- NH3+ cytoplasm Cell membrane peptide

Even if macromolecules are taken in… COO- NH3+ cytoplasm Cell membrane peptide

They cannot be readily incorporated COO- NH3+ cytoplasm Cell membrane Food peptide New peptide

Unless broken down first cytoplasm Cell membrane Food peptide New peptide

Unless broken down first cytoplasm Cell membrane Food peptide New peptide

Unless broken down first cytoplasm Cell membrane Food peptide New peptide

This lecture will focus on how animals break down food I. Intracellular digestion –A. food vacuoles II. Extracellular digestion –A. outside organism –B. gastrovascular cavity –C. alimentary canal

I. Intracellular digestion A. food vacuoles

Intracellular digestion without vacuoles

Intracellular digestion with vacuoles

Digestion in Paramecium

Intracellular digestion vs. Extracellular digestion

Extracellular digestion A. outside organism B. gastrovascular cavities C. alimentary canal

Extracellular digestion A. outside organism B. gastrovascular cavities C. alimentary canal

Gastrovascular cavity: Hydra

Extracellular digestion A. outside organism B. gastrovascular cavities C. alimentary canal

Gastrovascular cavity vs. Alimentary Canal

Alimentary canal: a simple view

mouth Mechanical digestion storage absorption anus Basic parts of alimentary canal

Alimentary canal: mammalian

Mouth Mechanical enzymatic

Stomach

Digestive mechanisms in stomach Mechanical Chemical enzymatic