Chapter 3 Cells and Tissues Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Seventh Edition Elaine N. Marieb Chapter 3 Cells and Tissues Cytoplasm of the Cell Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L. Cook Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Cytoplasm Material outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membrane Cytosol Fluid that suspends other elements Organelles Metabolic machinery of the cell Inclusions Non-functioning units Slide 3.9 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Cytoplasmic Organelles Figure 3.4 Slide 3.10 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Cytoplasmic Organelles Ribosomes Made of protein and RNA Sites of protein synthesis Found at two locations Free in the cytoplasm Attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum Slide 3.11 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Cytoplasmic Organelles Ribosomes Slide 3.11 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Cytoplasmic Organelles Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Fluid-filled tubules for carrying substances Two types of ER Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Studded with ribosomes Site where building materials of cellular membrane are formed Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Functions in cholesterol synthesis and breakdown, fat metabolism, and detoxification of drugs Slide 3.12 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Cytoplasmic Organelles Endoplasmic reticulum Rough ER Smooth ER Slide 3.12 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Cytoplasmic Organelles Golgi apparatus Modifies and packages proteins Produces different types of packages Secretory vesicles Cell membrane components Lysosomes Slide 3.13a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Cytoplasmic Organelles Golgi apparatus Slide 3.13a

Cytoplasmic Organelles Endomembrane System Figure 3.5 Slide 3.13b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Cytoplasmic Organelles Lysosomes Contain enzymes that digest unusable materials within the cell Peroxisomes Membranous sacs of oxidase enzymes Detoxify harmful substances Break down free radicals (highly reactive chemicals) Slide 3.14 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Cytoplasmic Organelles Mitochondria “Powerhouses” of the cell Change shape continuously Carry out reactions where oxygen is used to break down food Provides ATP for cellular energy Slide 3.15 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Cytoplasmic Organelles Mitochondria Slide 3.15

Cytoplasmic Organelles Cytoskeleton Network of protein structures that extend throughout the cytoplasm Provides the cell with an internal framework Slide 3.16a Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Cytoplasmic Organelles Cytoskeleton Three different types Microfilaments Intermediate filaments Microtubules Figure 3.6 Slide 3.16b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Cytoplasmic Organelles Cytoskeleton Figure 3.6 Slide 3.16b Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Cytoplasmic Organelles Centrioles Rod-shaped bodies made of microtubules Direct formation of mitotic spindle during cell division Slide 3.17

Cellular Projections Not found in all cells Used for movement Cilia moves materials across the cell surface Found in trachea, uterine tubes Flagellum propels the cell Found on sperm cells Slide 3.18 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Cellular Projections Flagellum propels the sperm cell Slide 3.18 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Cellular Projections Cilia moves materials across the cell surface Slide 3.18 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings