Section 1.2: Microscopes allow us to see inside the cell
The microscope is an important tool Different types of microscopes are used to observe different things Compound Light microscope- allow scientists to see living cells Scanning Electron Microscopes (SEM)- produce a 3-D image of a cell’s surface Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM)- produce a 2-D image of the inside of a cell **SEM and TEM do not allow scientists to see living cells, but they do magnify objects up to a million times**
Cells are divided into two categories The difference between the two types of cells is the location of the genetic material Eukaryotic cell - have a nucleus that contains the genetic material for a cell Prokaryotic cells - do not have a nucleus and the genetic material is in the cytoplasm
Eukaryotic Cell Prokaryotic Cell
Cells are diverse Eukaryotic cells have organelles - internal parts of a cell that perform particular functions cytoplasm - a jelly-like material inside the cell
Plant Cell cytoplasm
Cells are diverse Eukaryotic cells have organelles - internal parts of a cell that perform particular functions cytoplasm - a jelly-like material inside the cell cell membrane - protective covering that controls entry into and out of cell “The Traffic Cop”
Plant Cell cytoplasm cell membrane
Organelles found in cells Nucleus - stores genetic material the cell needs to reproduce and function “The Control Center”
Plant Cell nucleus cytoplasm cell membrane
Organelles found in cells Nucleus- stores genetic material the cell needs to reproduce and function. “The Control Center” Ribosomes - process information from the nucleus and builds protein “Protein Factories”
Plant Cell nucleus ribosomes cytoplasm cell membrane
Organelles found in cells Nucleus- stores genetic material the cell needs to reproduce and function. “The Control Center” Ribosomes - process information from the nucleus and builds protein. “Protein Factories” Endoplasmic reticulum - moves materials around the cell “Cell Highway”
Plant Cell ribosomes nucleus endoplasmic reticulum cytoplasm cell membrane
Organelles found in cells Nucleus- stores genetic material the cell needs to reproduce and function. “The Control Center” Ribosomes - process information from the nucleus and builds protein. “Protein Factories” Endoplasmic reticulum - moves materials around the cell. “Cell Highway” Mitochondria - uses oxygen to process food (process called cellular respiration) “Powerhouse of the Cell”
Plant Cell ribosomes nucleus endoplasmic reticulum cytoplasm mitochondria cell membrane
Organelles found in cells Nucleus- stores genetic material the cell needs to reproduce and function. “The Control Center” Ribosomes - process information from the nucleus and builds protein. “Protein Factories” Endoplasmic reticulum - moves materials around the cell. “Cell Highway” Mitochondria - uses oxygen to process food in a process called cellular respiration. “Powerhouse of the Cell” Golgi apparatus - finishes processing and packaging proteins “The Finisher”
Plant Cell ribosomes nucleus Golgi apparatus endoplasmic reticulum cytoplasm mitochondria cell membrane
Organelles found in cells vesicles - transport materials from endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. -”The Delivery Truck”
Plant Cell ribosomes vesicles nucleus Golgi apparatus endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes cytoplasm mitochondria cell membrane
Organelles found in cells vesicles - transport materials from endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. -”The Delivery Truck” *cell wall - tough outer covering that shapes and supports a plant cell
Plant Cell ribosomes cell wall vesicles nucleus Golgi apparatus endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes cytoplasm mitochondria cell wall cell membrane
Organelles found in cells vesicles - transport materials from endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. -”The Delivery Truck” *cell wall - tough outer covering that shapes and supports a plant cell *chloroplasts - use sunlight to make sugar (energy) for a plant cell
Plant Cell chloroplast ribosomes cell wall vesicles nucleus Golgi apparatus endoplasmic reticulum chloroplast ribosomes cytoplasm mitochondria cell wall cell membrane
Organelles found in cells vesicles - transport materials from endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. -”The Delivery Truck” *cell wall - tough outer covering that shapes and supports a plant cell *chloroplasts - use sunlight to make sugar (energy) for a plant cell *central vacuole - hold water, waste and other materials in a plant cell
Plant Cell chloroplast ribosomes central vacuole cell wall vesicles nucleus Golgi apparatus endoplasmic reticulum chloroplast ribosomes central vacuole cytoplasm mitochondria cell wall cell membrane
Animal Cell endoplasmic reticulum nucleus ribosomes Golgi apparatus vesicles cytoplasm mitochondria cell membrane
Organelles found in cells *lysosomes (only found in animal cells) - break down waste materials “Digestion Center”
Animal Cell endoplasmic reticulum nucleus ribosomes Golgi apparatus *lysosomes vesicles cytoplasm mitochondria cell membrane