Cell Types and Cell Structure

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Presentation transcript:

Cell Types and Cell Structure

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic nucleus membrane enclosed organelle chromosomes in pairs streaming in the cytoplasm cell division by mitosis complex flagella larger ribosomes complex cytoskeleton cellulose in cell walls DNA bound to histone proteins no nucleus no membrane enclosed organelles single chromosome no streaming in the cytoplasm cell division without mitosis simple flagella smaller ribosomes simple cytoskeleton no cellulose in cell walls no histone proteins

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Examples: Bacteria Examples: Plant cells Animal cells Fungi Protists

Plasma Membrane Plasma membrane 1. Surrounds Cells 2. Protected by cellulose and protein cell wall in plants Plasma Membrane

Cytoplasm Cytoplasm 1. Fluid (Cytosol) and organelles that make up the inside of the cell Cytoplasm

Nucleus Nucleus 1. Membranous nuclear envelope 2. Chromosomes of DNA and protein (Histones) Nucleus

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) 1. Rough ER - Transport of proteins (roughness is the attached ribosomes) 2. Smooth ER – Processing and transport of lipids Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Ribosomes Ribosomes 1. Attached to Rough ER 2. Site of protein synthesis Ribosomes

Golgi Apparatus Golgi Apparatus (Golgi body, Golgi complex) 1. Assembly and editing of proteins Golgi Apparatus

Lysosomes Lysosomes 1. Contain enzymes that break down and help recycle large proteins in animal cells Lysosomes

Mitochondria 1. Powerhouse ‑ site of ATP synthesis Mitochondria

Flagella and Cilia Flagella and Cilia 1. Cell surface projections for movement Flagella and Cilia

Microtubules and Microfilaments 1. Structural components of the cell (cytoskeleton) in eukaryotes Microtubules and Microfilaments

Vacuoles 1. Large central vacuoles in plant cells contain enzymes and pigments in plant cells Vacuoles

Chloroplasts Chloroplasts 1. Photosynthetic organelles in plant cells, containing the chlorophyll pigments Chloroplasts

Comparison: Plant cells Animal cells Large, central vacuole Chloroplasts Rigid cell wall outside of cell membrane No large, central vacuole No chloroplasts No rigid cell wall

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