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2 Organelles Very small size Can only be observed under a microscope Have specific functions Found throughout cytoplasm

3 Organelles Found in Cells Examples of Organelles include: Cell Wall – gives the cell its shape Cell Membrane – regulates what goes in and out of the cell Nucleus - Control center of the cell Nucleolus - makes ribosomes Cytoplasm – Jelly-like substance that fills the cell.

4 Organelles Found in Cells Organelles continued: Mitochondria – Powerhouse of the cell Ribosomes – produce proteins for the cell Endoplasmic reticulum (rough & smooth) – canals for movement Golgi Bodies – wrap & export proteins Lysosomes – digests & gets rid of wastes

5 Nonliving layer Gives structure and shape to bacteria, plant and fungus cells. Cell wall ( not all cells) Cell Wall

6 Lies immediately against the cell wall in plant cells Made of protein and phospholipids Selectively permeable Cell membrane Plasma Membrane

7 Living layer Controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell; Cell membrane Cell or Plasma Membrane

8 Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell membrane; Make up a little more than half of the cells volume; Cytoplasm Cytoplasm of a Cell

9 Contains organelles to carry out specific jobs Examples: chloroplast & mitochondrion Cytoplasm More on Cytoplasm

10 Controls the normal activities of the cell Contain the DNA Contains chromosomes Bounded by a nuclear membrane Control Organelle Nucleus

11 Each cell has fixed number of chromosomes that carry genes; Genes control cell characteristics Nucleus More on the Nucleus

12 Nucleolus Cell may have 1 to 3 nucleoli Cell may have 1 to 3 nucleoli Inside nucleusInside nucleus Disappears when cell dividesDisappears when cell divides Makes ribosomes that make proteinsMakes ribosomes that make proteins

13 Rod shape Site of Cellular respiration Cell Powerhouse Mitochondrion ( mitochondria )

14 Cellular respiration Mitochondria C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  Energy + 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O Carbon Dioxide WaterGlucose (sugar) Oxygen ATP = Energy

15 C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2  Energy + 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O Carbon Dioxide Water Glucose (sugar) Oxygen Cellular respiration By regulating cellular respiration, Mitochondria regulate the amount of energy produced by the cell

16 Prodution of Proteins Ribosomes “Where they are made” Site of Protein Synthesis

17 Endoplasmic Reticulum Functions in the delivery of materials from one part of the cell to another For example, delivery of lipids and hormones produced by the cell to the cell membrane for excretion

18 Smooth & Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth ER lacks ribosomes & involved in the production & storage of lipids Rough ER has ribosomes on its surface & makes proteins to EXPORT

19 Golgi Bodies Stacks of flattened sacsStacks of flattened sacs Have a shipping side & a receiving sideHave a shipping side & a receiving side Receive & packages proteins made by ERReceive & packages proteins made by ER Transport vesicles with modified proteins pinch off the endsTransport vesicles with modified proteins pinch off the ends Transport vesicle

20 Lysosome Contain digestive enzymesContain digestive enzymes Break down food and worn out cell parts for cellsBreak down food and worn out cell parts for cells Programmed for cell death (lyse & release enzymes to break down & recycle cell parts)Programmed for cell death (lyse & release enzymes to break down & recycle cell parts)

21 Dead layer Large empty spaces present between cellulose fibers Freely permeable Cell wall Plant Cell

22 Plant Cell Made of cellulose which forms very thin fibers Strong and rigid Found in plant cells Cell wall

23 Protect and support the enclosed substances (protoplasm) Give shape to the cell Cell wall Plant Cell

24 Contain the green pigment chlorophyll Traps sunlight to make to make sugars (food) Plant Cell Organelles Chloroplast Process called photosynthesis

25 Chloroplast cont. Photosynthesis 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 Light Energy Carbon Dioxide Water Glucose (sugar) Oxygen Converts Solar energy into Chemical energy

26 Have a large central vacuole Contains Sugars, proteins, minerals, wastes, & pigments Plant Cell Organelles Vacuole

27 Different kinds of plant cells Onion Epidermal Cells Root Hair Cell root hair Guard Cells

28 mitochondrion nucleus glycogen granule cell membrane cytoplasm Animal cell No cell wall or chloroplast Stores glycogen in the cytoplasm for food energy vacuole

29 Animal Cell Organelles Near the nucleusNear the nucleus Paired structuresPaired structures Help cell divideHelp cell divide

30 Different kinds of animal cells white blood cell red blood cell cheek cells sperm nerve cell muscle cell Amoeba Paramecium

31 Similarities between plant cells and animal cells Both have a cell membrane surrounding the cytoplasm Both have a nucleus Both contain mitochondria

32 Differences between plant cells and animal cells Animal cellsPlant cells Relatively smaller in size Irregular shape No cell wall Relatively larger in size Regular shape Cell wall present

33 Animal cellsPlant cells Vacuole small or absent Glycogen as food storage Nucleus at the center Large central vacuole Starch as food storage Nucleus near cell wall Differences between Plant Cells and Animal Cells