Cells

Cell is the basic building block that makes up all living things

Take in food to store energy Get rid of body wastes Cell Functions Take in food to store energy Get rid of body wastes Make new cells for growth Release energy Respond to the environment

Plant Cell cell membrane chloroplasts cell wall vacuole mitochondria cytoplasm nucleus

Animal Cell VACUOLE MITOCHONDRIA NUCLEUS Cell MEMBRANE CYTOPLASM

Cell Parts and Functions

Cell Membrane Surrounds the cell to help hold it together Allows materials to move in and out Works like a gate in a walled city

PICTURE OF A REAL CELL MEMBRANE It has been magnified so that we can see it!

Nucleus Contains the chromosomes (DNA) which determines the characteristics Controls cell reproduction and other functions Like a king controlling his city

Nucleus seen in a human cheek cell

Cytoplasm Found between the cell membrane and nucleus Jellylike substance containing chemicals to keep the cell working Like the space/air that fills the walled city

Mitochondria Releases energy from food Like a power plant producing energy for the city

Vacuoles Used for storage Stores food, waste, or water Like a water tower or a garbage dump for the city

Cell Wall (Plants Only) Outside cell membrane Rigid layer that supports and protects the plant cell Like a wall surrounding the city

The cell walls of these onion skin cells can be seen in the photograph below.

Chloroplasts (Plants Only) Makes food for the plant cell Uses sun energy to make food (glucose) and oxygen Like a restaurant or bakery in the city

An Elodea leaf magnified 400X An Elodea leaf magnified 400X. The numerous green structures are chloroplasts.

Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Chloroplast Cell Wall Vacuole Mitochondria The Parts of a Cell Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Chloroplast Cell Wall Vacuole Mitochondria Nucleus

Cells have a limit to how big or small they can be. The Size of Cells Cells have a limit to how big or small they can be. The head of a pin is about 2mm in diameter. A cell is even smaller. Nearly invisible without magnification, dust mites dwarf pollen grains and human cells. In turn, bacteria and viruses are even smaller. How Big is a Cell?

Time to Review!

cell membrane surrounds cell-holds it together allows materials to pass in & out of cell

basic building block that makes up all living things cell basic building block that makes up all living things

cytoplasm between cell membrane & nucleus

chloroplast found in plant cells uses Sun’s energy to make food (sugar) & oxygen

cell wall found in plants outside the cell membrane gives extra support & protection

stores H20 & breaks down materials vacuole stores H20 & breaks down materials

produce energy by cellular respiration mitochondria produce energy by cellular respiration

cytoplasm

cell membrane

mitochondria

chloroplast

cell wall

vacuole

Cell Analogy Project The skin on the Barbie doll is like the cell membrane of a cell because both are outside surfaces, and allow substances to pass in and out of the cell.

Edible Animal Cell cell membrane = plastic bag Jello = cytoplasm 2 raisins = mitochondria 1 pear = nucleus 2 peaches = vacuoles