Cell Theory All organisms are made of cells. All existing cells are produced by other living cells The cell is the most basic unit of life.

Cell Structures, Functions and Transport

All Cells share characteristics. All cells are… Enclosed by a membrane. Filled with cytoplasm. Microscopic Bacterium (colored SEM; magnification 8800x)

Prokaryotic Cell simple organism without a defined nucleus or internal membranes Ex: bacteria “Pro” before “karyon” nut or kernel (nucleus)

Nucleoid “Nucleus-like”, Contains genetic material for cell division (DNA) No membrane around it

Plasmid External, single DNA molecules Often contain genes that can adapt, offer selective advantages

Ribosomes Site where protein synthesis occurs Where proteins are made

Plasma Membrane Controls movement of materials in & out of the cell

Prokaryotic Cell Wall Protects & maintains shape of cell

Cytoplasm Makes up majority of cell allows reactions to proceed contains enzymes “Cell goo”

Flagella or Flagellum Cell movement, transportation mechanism “Propeller”

Pilli or Pilus Allows cell to attach to surfaces & other bacteria

Eukaryotic Cells Eu-True complex cells with a nucleus MUCH larger than prokaryotic cells Cells that contain membrane bound organelles

Eukarotic Cell Types Animal Cells-heterotrophic (consumers, rely on outside source for food) Plant Cells-autotrophic (producers, rely on energy from sun)

Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Nucleus Nickname: “Control Center” or “Brain” Function: holds DNA, controls all cell activity (eating, movement, reproduction) Nucleolus: - Found inside nucleus - makes ribosomes

Ribosomes Function: make proteins Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic “Body Builders”

Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Ribosomes Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Nickname: “Roads” Function: The internal delivery system of cell

Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Ribosomes

Endoplasmic Reticulum 2 Types: 1. Rough ER: Rough appearance because it has ribosomes Function: helps make proteins, gives proteins shape 2. Smooth ER: NO ribosomes Function: makes fats or lipids, transports proteins

Golgi Complex Nickname: The shippers Function: packages, modifies, & transports materials inside/outside of cell Appearance: stack of pancakes

Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Golgi Complex Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than ribosomes Nickname: “Clean-up Crews” Function: break down food into usable particles, destroy old cells (enzymes)

Cytoplasm Makes up majority of cell Function: allows reactions, contains enzymes “Cell goo”

Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Golgi Bodies Mitochondria Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function 6. Mitochondria Nickname: “The Powerhouse” Function: Energy formation Breaks down food to make ATP ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy

Plasma Membrane or Cell membrane controls entry & exit of any material “Bouncer”

Animal Cell Nucleus Nucleolus Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Ribosomes Golgi Bodies Mitochondria Cell Membrane Cytoplasm

Now let’s talk about structures found in PLANT Cells!!

Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Cell Membrane Vacuole Chloroplasts Vacuole: stores water “Water bubble” This is what makes lettuce crisp When there is less water, plant wilts Vacuole

Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Plant Cell Cell Membrane Vacuole

Chloroplasts Function: traps energy from sun & converts it to food for plant cell “Green goblins” chlorophyll is green

Chloroplasts

Cell Wall Function: cellulose structure that provides support & protection to cell membrane “Peanut shell” Found outside cell membrane in plant cells

Section 7-2 Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Go to Section: Plant Cell Cell Membrane Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Wall

Plant Cell Cell Membrane Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Wall Nucleolus Nucleus Rough ER Smooth ER Golgi Bodies Mitochondria Ribosomes Cytoplasm

Comparing Plant and Animal Cells PlantAnimal