What do you know about cells?

Q: How many cells are in the human body?

What do you know about cells? Q: How many cells are in the human body? A: About 100 trillion

What do you know about cells? Q: How many cells are in the human body? A: About 100 trillion Q: How many different types of cell are there in the human body?

What do you know about cells? Q: How many cells are in the human body? A: About 100 trillion Q: How many different types of cell are there in the human body? A: About 210

What do you know about cells? Q: How many of your cells die each minute?

What do you know about cells? Q: How many of your cells die each minute? A: About 300 million

What do you know about cells? Q: How many of your cells die each minute? A: About 300 million Q: What are the largest and smallest cells in the human body?

What do you know about cells? Q: How many of your cells die each minute? A: About 300 million Q: What are the largest and smallest cells in the human body? A: The largest is the female egg (oocyte), the smallest is the male sperm. (it take about to weigh as much as one egg)

What do cells need to do?

 Intake and store nutrients  Grow  Respond to stimuli  Exchange gases  Remove waste material  Reproduce

What do cells need to do?  Intake and store nutrients  Grow  Respond to stimuli  Exchange gases  Remove waste material  Reproduce Each cell must do all these things to survive. We wouldn’t survive if they didn’t

Cell Theory

 Term “cell” was coined in 1665 by Robert Hooke when he looked at a slice of dried cork.

Cell Theory  Term “cell” was coined in 1665 by Robert Hooke when he looked at a slice of dried cork. He also observed that: 1. All living things are comprised of cells. 2. Cells are the smallest “living” unit in an organisms. 3. Cells come from previously existing cells This is called the Cell Theory

Cell Diversity  Lots of shapes and sizes

Typical Cell

Cell Organization

 The cell includes two basic parts: 1. Cell Membrane (outer covering of cell) 2. Cytoplasm  Cytosol (fluid portion of the cytoplasm)  Organelles (cell “organs” or functional parts)

Cell Membrane  Outer boundary of cell  Comprised of two layers of lipid (fat)  Regulates what goes in and out of cell  Proteins give the cell its unique “personality” or function

Cell Membrane

Cytoplasm  Is comprised of: 1. Cytosol ( fluid portion of the cytoplasm ) 2. Organelles ( cell “organs” or functional parts )

Organelles

1. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)  A network of membrane-bound tunnels throughout the cytoplasm

ER Rough ER Smooth ER

Ribosomes  Particles attached to ER are ribosomes.  Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis within every cell.

Golgi Apparatus  Flattened membranes  Involved in packaging and secretion of proteins

Golgi Apparatus

Mitochondria  Bean shaped organelle where cellular respiration takes place.

Mitochondria  Bean shaped organelle where cellular respiration takes place.  Glucose + Oxygen > CO2 + Water + Energy

Nucleus

 Control center of cell  Contains DNA/chromosomes  Genetic repository for ~ 35,000 genes  Genes control the synthesis of proteins in each cell.  Red blood cells don’t have a nucleus.  Skeletal muscle cells have multiple nuclei.

Vacuole  Storage areas in cells  Really big in plant cells, much smaller in animal cells  Usually called “vesicles” in animal cells

Vacuole – plant cell

Vacuole – animal cell

Plant and Animal Cells Organelles found in both plant and animal cells.  Cell membrane  Cytoplasm  Nucleus  Vacuole  E.R.  Golgi bodies

Plant and Animal Cells Organelles found in both plant and animal cells.  Centioles  Mitochondrion  Ribosomes  Nucleolus

Plant cells ONLY

Chloroplast – where photosynthesis takes place.

Plant cells ONLY Chloroplast – where photosynthesis takes place. CO2 + water + sunlight > glucose + O2

Plant cells ONLY Chloroplast – where photosynthesis takes place. CO2 + water + sunlight > glucose + O2

Plant cells ONLY  Cell Wall – The structure that surrounds the cell membrane. It protects the cell and maintains shape

Plant cells ONLY  Cell Wall – The structure that surrounds the cell membrane. It protects the cell and maintains shape

The End