What 3 parts to do ALL cells have in common? Membrane Cytoplasm DNA

Cell Membrane When you think about a membrane, imagine it is like a big plastic bag with some tiny holes. That bag holds all of the cell pieces and fluids inside the cell and keeps any nasty things outside the cell. The holes are there to let some things move in and out of the cell. Selectively permeable- only allowing some things to pass in and out

Cell Membrane Is not one solid piece. Everything in life is made of smaller pieces and a membrane is no different. Compounds called proteins and phospholipids make up most of the cell membrane. The phospholipids make the basic bag. The proteins are found around the holes and help move molecules in and out of the cell.

Cytoplasm As you travel through the cell membrane and enter the cell, you will find yourself floating in a kind of jelly, this is the cytoplasm. Cytoplasm helps to hold the cell's organelles or “small organs” in place.

Cytoplasm Gives the cell structure. Think of a balloon. An empty balloon does not have much structure. However, if we fill it with something, like water, it begins to take shape. Cytoplasm also helps the cell move proteins, chromosomes and other materials, including the cells organelles, around the cell.

DNA DNA is like the instruction manual of a cell. It comprises of a long string of code which tells the cell what type of cell it has to be and what functions it must perform.

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The Cell and the City

The Cell and the City

Eukaryotic Cell Are what you think of when you think of a classic "cell." They are cells with an organized nucleus. All living organisms on Earth are divided in pieces called cells. There are smaller pieces to cells that include proteins and organelles.

Nucleus Acts like the brain of the cell. It helps control eating, movement, and reproduction. If it happens in a cell, chances are the nucleus knows about it. The nucleus is not always in the center of the cell. It will be a big dark spot somewhere in the middle of all of the cytoplasm. City Hall

DNA Long molecule containing hereditary information that directs the cell’s functions and the organisms development. City Documents

Endoplasmic Reticulum The ER is the site of protein and lipid production. Factory

Ribosomes Are the protein builders or the protein synthesizers of the cell. Cells need to make proteins. Those proteins might be used as enzymes (increase rate of chemical reactions) or as support for other cell functions. Complexes that use DNA copies to build proteins Factory Workers

Golgi Complex Packages and modifies proteins, then send them off to their destinations. Works closely with the Rough ER Post office

Cell Membrane Acts as a semi-permeable barrier that lets certain things pass into and our of the cell. Protection and support for the cell. City Limits

Mitochondrion Known as the powerhouses of the cell. They are organelles that act like a digestive system that takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy for the cell. Uses oxygen and food molecules to generate useful energy for the cell. Power Plant

Chloroplasts Uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose and oxygen through the process of photosynthesis. Food producers of the plant cell. Every green plant you see is working to convert the energy of the sun into sugars. Restaurant

Vacuoles Stores water, salts, and nutrients Storage bubbles found in cells. They are found in both animal and plant cells but are much larger in plant cells. Reservoir

Lysosomes Digests or breaks down waste, old cell parts, viruses and bacteria. Recycling center

Cilia Hair-like structures wave to move a cell around, or to move something around the cell. Can keep dust, smog, and potentially harmful microorganisms out

Centrioles Every animal cell has two small organelles called centrioles. They are there to help the cell when it comes time to divide. You will usually find them near the nucleus but they cannot be seen when the cell is not dividing. The centrioles are made of Microtubules.

Microtubules/Microfilaments Help define cell structure and movement Are thick, strong spirals of thousands of subunits. Those subunits are made of the protein called tubulin. And yes, they got their name because they look like a tube.

Nucleolus A small round body of protein in a cell nucleus. The main function of the nucleolus is to produce and assemble the ribosome components.

Cytoplasm The fluid that fills a cell. Mix of molecules, proteins and small cell parts. Chemical reactions occur here.

Cell Wall Cell walls are made of specialized sugars called cellulose. Paper is made of cellulose. Cell walls also help a plant keep its shape. While they do protect the cells, cell walls and cellulose also allow plants to grow to great heights. It's like taking a water balloon and putting it in a cardboard box. The balloon is protected from the outside world.