Glucose C6H12O6 Step 1: Glycolysis Where? In cytoplasm What happens? A) Glucose (from our food) is broken down B) 2 ATP molecules released for use by the cell C C C ATP Mitochondria En- zyme C C C

Step 2: Fermentation Two Types of Fermentation (both anaerobic): A) Lactic Acid fermentation –Performed by animals when muscles are not receiving oxygen –Lactic acid waste created B) Alcoholic fermentation –Performed by yeast, some plants, bacteria –Alcohol waste created During prolonged exercise, the oxygen you inhale mainly goes to your brain. Your muscles are now lacking oxygen. Muscle cells perform fermentation to keep you going! How to relieve sore muscles: 1)Massage 2)Bananas 3)Stretch after 4)Hydrate Yeast perform alcoholic fermentation to make bread. Why isn’t bread alcoholic? Alcohol evaporates in the baking process

What’s after Glycolysis? Glycolysis –Creates: ATP, Glucose fragments –Leads to either: 1)Aerobic Respiration  With oxygen present  Kreb’s Cycle  Electron transport chain 2)Anaerobic Respiration  Without oxygen  Fermentation  Allows glycolysis to restart O2 No O 2 glycolysis fermentation ATP

Lactic Acid vs. Alcoholic Fermentation Lactic Acid Location: Cytoplasm Amount of ATP created: Zero The Point? Make molecules to restart glycolysis Waste: Lactic acid Alcoholic Location: Cytoplasm Amount of ATP created: Zero The Point? Make molecules to restart glycolysis Waste: Alcohol and CO2 glycolysis Lactic acid fermentation Alcoholic fermentation Lactic acid Alcohol + CO 2

Glycolysis: -- In the cytoplasm -- Glucose is split into fragments -- 2 ATP created Fermentation Where? In the cytoplasm What happens?  Glucose fragments are broken into either lactic acid or alcohol  Molecules to restart glycolysis created (No ATP) Aerobic Respiration Where? In the mitochondria Steps? Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain What happens? Glucose fragments converted into 34 ATPs With oxygen present If oxygen is lacking Glycolysis restarts

review 1)Name the two types of fermentation. 2)How much ATP does glycolysis create? 3)How much ATP does fermentation create? 4)Which molecule is broken down during glycolysis? 5)A buildup of which molecule causes sore muscles? 6)Which waste molecules are created by alcoholic fermentation? 7)Is fermentation aerobic or anaerobic? What does this mean? 8)Why is aerobic respiration preferred vs. fermentation?