Activity 4 What Do Cells Do?! SEPUP: Cell Biology

CHALLENGE: What are the functions of the structures in cells?

Background Information By understanding how the parts of a cell function normally, doctors and scientists can better understand what goes wrong in the cell when an infectious disease occurs and what causes the disease to progress. Although there are different kinds of cells, there are also key similarities between them. What are some structures that all cells have in common? Cell membrane Genetic material…DNA Proteins

Vocabulary Alert! Organelles- membrane bound structures that carry out specific functions within the cell

Part A: Computer Simulation Visit website http://sepuplhs.org/sgi Go to “What do cells do?” and click on STUDENTS and Activity Links Scroll down to Cell Biology: World Health & find “Activity 4-What do cells do?” As you go through the simulation… In your notebook, draw a picture of an animal cell & a plant cell. Be sure to label everything in your picture. GET A STAMP! Draw the functions table in your NB & fill out. GET A STAMP! Draw your complete/correct Venn Diagram in your NB. GET A STAMP!

Part B: Comparing Cells Read “Bacterial Cell Structure” on pg. 181 As you read, add to the Bacteria column in your chart. GET A STAMP! In your NB, answer the following questions: List the functions of bacterial cells that antibiotics interfere with. Explain WHY antibiotics are an effective medication to fight bacterial infections. Answer AQs 1-3 in your NB. GET A STAMP! Psssst! Go back to your 4 Venn diagram from Activity 3. Use your understanding from the simulation and the reading to make changes & additions (IN COLOR). GET A STAMP!

Four Classes of Antibiotics Antibiotics work by disrupting the structure or function of a microbe’s cell parts. For example… Four Classes of Antibiotics Antibiotic Class Mode of Action in Bacterial Cells β-lactams Interfere with cell wall structure Tetracyclines Interfere with protein synthesis Quinolones Interfere with the copying of bacterial DNA Sulphonamides Interfere with the production of an enzyme needed to copy the bacterial DNA

Bacteria & Antibiotics Functions of bacterial cells that antibiotics interfere with: Cell wall structure, protein synthesis (ribosome function), copying of DNA (chromosome function), & production of enzymes. Why are antibiotics an effective medication to fight bacterial infections? They interfere with the organelle parts that do specific functions within the bacteria cell such as: prevent DNA reproduction, protein synthesis, & production of enzymes.

Function Animal Plant Synthesis & modification of molecules needed by cells Nucleus; cytoplasm; endoplasmic reticulum (ER); free ribosomes; Golgi apparatus Same as animal cell Storage of substances Small vacuoles; nucleus Large vacuole; nucleus Transport of materials within, into, & out of cells Cell membrane, cytoskeleton; vesicle Support for cells Cell membrane; cytoskeleton Cell membrane, cytoskeleton; cell wall Convert energy for cells Mitochondria Mitochondria, chloroplast Break down (digest) cell wastes or microbes Lysosome Large vacuole

Function Bacteria Synthesis & modification of molecules needed by cells Ribosomes; chromosomes Storage of substances cytoplasm Transport of materials within, into, & out of cells Cell membrane; cytoskeleton Support for cells Cell membrane; cytoskeleton; cell wall Convert energy for cells Cell membrane Break down (digest) cell wastes or microbes

Animal Cell Plant Cell Active board

Analysis Questions Animal Eukaryotic cell Plant Bacteria Label each of the following cell types as eukaryotic or prokaryotic: Animal Eukaryotic cell Plant Bacteria Prokaryotic cell

Analysis Questions Continued A. Describe the structures an animal cell must have for it to produce a protein. DNA (within a nucleus or not), ribosomes B. Explain how these structures work together to produce a protein. DNA contains the instructions for how to make the protein. The ribosomes make the protein. They can be free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER.

More Important Vocabulary Bacteria Cell membrane Cell wall Cilium, cilia Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Eukaryotic cell Flagellum, flagella Golgi apparatus Lysosome Nucleus Organelle Prokaryotic cell Ribosome Vacuole vesicle