Cell parts (organelle and plasma membrane) Rayna Higuchi, Alexa Hozouri, Audrey Elloitt, Kevin Ding, Yusuke Tsutsuzaki Period 1

Cell Membrane and Cell Wall Regulates passage in and out of cells. In both plant and animal cells. Cell Wall Rigid structure Located outside of the plasma membrane Only in plant cells Provides support and protection

Nucleus and Nucleolus Nucleus Nucleolus Information and administrative center Organelle in eukaryotic cell nucleus Produces ribosomes

Endoplasmic reticulum and Ribosomes Modifies proteins and lipids Smooth has no ribosomes, rough has ribosomes attached Protein production sites

Cytoplasm and Vacuole Cytoplasm Vacuole Clear, gelatinous fluid Suspends the cells organelles Membrane-bound, fluid-filled space in the cytoplasm For temporary storage of materials

Mitochondria and Chloroplast Power generator for the cell Captures light energy from the sun and converts it into chemical energy Only in plant cells

Golgi apparatus and Cytoskeleton The distribution and shipping department for the cells chemical products Cellular framework found within the cytoplasm Composed of microtubules and microfilaments

Lysosome Organelle that contains digestive enzymes Digests excess or worn out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria

Viruses Basic Structure Diagram Contains general information NOT living May have external structures and a membrane Diagram Examples: Hepatitis B, HIV, Measles, Mumps, Rabies, Ebola, Influenza

Prokaryotic cells vs. Eukaryotic cells Basic Structure Plasma membrane Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton Presence of characteristic membrane enclosed organelles Examples: Plants, animals, fungi, protists Basic Structure Surrounded by a membrane and cell wall Does not have membrane enclosed organelles(except ribosomes) Examples: Blue-green algae, bacteria (E.coli, Salmonella)

Plasma Membrane Characteristics Structure Maintains homeostasis (balance with environment) Selective permeability- allows some molecules into the cell while keeping others out Structure Phospholipids Lipids with a phosphate group attached Carrier Proteins Allows larger substances to move through the plasma membrane Cholesterol molecule Helps stabilize the phospholipids Prevents fatty acid chains of the phospholipids from sticking together

1. What is the function of the vacuole? It produces and modifies proteins Serves as an information and administrative center for the cell c. Temporarily stores materials for the cell d. Captures light energy from the sun to convert into chemical energy

2. Nucleolus= organelle in cells that produces prokaryotic, DNA Prokaryotic, ribosomes Eukaryotic, ribosomes Eukaryotic, DNA

3. What is the definition of a ribosome? Protein production site Organelle that contains digestive enzymes and digests excess or worn out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses/ bacteria c. Protein and lipid modifier d. The distribution and shipping department for the cell’s chemical products

4. The. , located just inside the 4. The , located just inside the , regulates the passage in and out of cells The cytoplasm, located just inside the plasma membrane, regulates the passage in and out of cells The plasma membrane, located just inside the cytoskeleton, regulates the passage in and out of cells The plasma membrane, located just inside the cell wall, regulates the passage in and out of cells The cell wall, located just inside the cytoskeleton, regulates the passage in and out of cells

5. Which of these is an example of a virus? HIV Ecoli Salmonella Bacteria

6. Which of these is not a characteristic of a prokaryotic cell? Has a plasma membrane and a cell wall Presence of characteristic membrane enclosed organelles DNA not contained in a nucleus Has ribosomes

7. What is the plasma membrane made of? The plasma membrane contains carrier proteins, cholesterol molecules, and microtubules. The plasma membrane contains flagellum, phospholipids, and carrier proteins The plasma membrane contains cholesterol molecules, lysotubules, and phospholipids The plasma membrane contains phospholipids, cholesterol molecules, and carrier proteins

8. Which of these statements is true about the Phospholipids (contained within the plasma membrane): 1. they are made up of lipids with a phosphate group attached 2. they have non- polar, hydrophilic heads and polar. hydrophobic tails 3. proteins help stabilize the phospholipids and prevent the fatty acid chains from sticking together 1 2 3 Both 1 and 2 Both 1 and 3 Both 2 and 3

9. Which of these correctly labels the diagram of a prokaryotic cell? 1. ribosomes; 2. cell membrane; 3. cell wall, 4. endoplasmic reticulum 1. ribosomes; 2. cell wall; 3. cell membrane; 4. flagella 1. lysosome; 2. cell membrane; 3. cell wall; 4. golgi apparatus 1. lysosome; 2. cell wall; 3. cell membrane; 4. flagella 1. 2. 4. 3.

10. What does a chloroplast do? A. power generator for the cell B. captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy C. uses energy from the sun to create other organelles D. digests other old or worn out organelles to make energy

Answer to questions 1 and 2: What is the function of the vacuole? c. Temporarily stores materials for the cell 2. Nucleolus= organelle in cells that produces c. Eukaryotic, ribosomes

Answers to questions 3 and 4: 3. What is the definition of a ribosome? a. Protein production site 4. The , located just inside the , regulates the passage in and out of cells c. The plasma membrane, located just inside the cell wall, regulates the passage in and out of cells

Answers to questions 5 and 6: 5. Which of these is an example of a virus? HIV (the rest are all bacteria) 6. Which of these is not a characteristic of a prokaryotic cell? b. Presence of characteristic membrane enclosed organelles

Answer to question 7: 7. What is the plasma membrane made of? d. The plasma membrane contains phospholipids, cholesterol molecules, and carrier proteins (PS: for anyone who chose answer c, lysotubules don’t exist)

Answer to question 8: 7. Which of these statements is true about the Phospholipids (contained within the plasma membrane): 1. they are made up of lipids with a phosphate group attached 2. they have non- polar, hydrophilic heads and polar. hydrophobic tails 3. proteins help stabilize the phospholipids and prevent the fatty acid chains from sticking together 1 (they have polar, hydrophilic heads and non- polar, hydrophobic tails. Cholesterol molecules prevent the fatty acid chains from sticking together and stabilize them)

Answer to question 9: 9. Which of these correctly labels the diagram of a prokaryotic cell? 1. 2. a. 1. ribosomes; 2. cell wall; 3. cell membrane; 4. flagella 4. 3.

Answer to question 10: 10. What does a chloroplast do? B. captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy