Training of Trainers Site Specificity of Rain Water Harvesting Workshop Conducted By Eureka Forbes Institute of Environment For Maharashtra Centre for Entrepreneurship Development

Site Specificity based on surface available for Harvesting Roof top rain water Paved surface rain water Open surface rain water

Usage --- Immediately …during rainy season Site Specificity based on Usage of harvested water

Usage --- At a later date … Site Specificity based on Usage of harvested water

None… Site Specificity based on Device of Water Extraction ‘Use When Available’ / recharge* Benefit restricted to rainy season only Surface harvestable … predominantly roof top Work involved –piping changes & filter If later date benefit needed ---storage volume and hence cost becomes high. O & M …Tank Cleaning *-no direct benefit

Well / Ring well Site Specificity based on Device of Water Extraction Benefit during & after rainy season Surface harvestable … roof top & other surfaces as well if proper filters applied Work involved –piping changes & simple / two chamber filters O & M … Filter cleaning … Well Cleaning

Bore Well Site Specificity based on Device of Water Extraction Benefit during & after rainy season Surface harvestable … roof top & other surfaces as well if proper filters applied Work involved - piping changes & - Four Chambered / more complicated filters O & M … Filter cleaning … Well Cleaning

Slopes towards Recharge / storage device Site Specificity based on Site Slopes Benefit --- Ease of collection Cost … Less

Slopes away from Recharge / storage device Site Specificity based on Site Slopes Problem --- Difficult to collect Cost … High … if extreme slopes…then pumping may be needed If other site conditions are conducive …Recharge of ground or a deeper re-charge through a recharge bore-shaft can be applied

Urban Areas….More of roofed and paved area Site Specificity based on Site Location Benefit comparative ease in availability of funds Surface harvestable … roof tops & Paved surfaces Cost … High due to higher paving-labour & material

Rurban Areas…some open area Site Specificity based on Site Location Benefit simpler recharge possible due to open surface Surface harvestable … roof tops, paved surfaces & open surfaces Cost … Lesser cost as compared to metros …more need but less available funds

Rural Areas…Large open areas Site Specificity based on Site Location Benefit more space available for recharge due to open surface Surface harvestable … open surfaces Cost … Lesser cost – per capita – but usually a community based system is needed … Hardly any funds available with the users … Need for proper funding and community mobilization

Sandy flat terrain Site Specificity based on Site Geo-morphology Simple to recharge extraction device - well/ Ring well Techniques/ structures … Simple Recharge pits … Check dams work very well here Cost … Least cost

Muddy flat terrain Site Specificity based on Site Geo-morphology Simple to recharge extraction device - Well/ bore well …if near creek - salty ground water Techniques/ structures … Simple Recharge pits/well-bore well recharge – Check dams work very well here Cost … Higher than that in sandy

Clayey flat terrain Site Specificity based on Site Geo-morphology Difficult to recharge with shallow recharge structures extraction device - Well/ bore well Techniques/ structures … Deep Shaft Recharge well / bore well recharge Check dams work here Cost … Higher than that in sandy / muddy areas

grey/ brown/ red soil --- Gentle Slopes Site Specificity based on Site Geo-morphology Easy to intercept flows Simple CCTs, gully plugs nala bunds etc work well here extraction device - Well/ bore well Techniques/ structures … Deep Shaft Recharge well / bore well recharge Cost … Higher than that in sandy / muddy areas

Black soil --- Gentle Slopes Site Specificity based on Site Geo-morphology Easy to intercept flows … Usually no water scarcity Simple CCTs, gully plugs nala bunds etc work well here extraction device - Well/ bore well Techniques/ structures … ponds / Deep Shaft Recharge well / bore well recharge Cost … Higher than that in sandy / muddy areas

grey/ red /brown soil --- steep Slopes Site Specificity based on Site Geo-morphology Difficult to intercept flows … Usually summer time water scarcity Simple CCTs, gully plugs nala bunds etc DO NOT WORK HERE extraction device - Well/ bore well Techniques/ structures … Bunds/ ponds / Deep Shaft Recharge /well / bore well recharge Cost … Higher than that in flat/ gentle slope areas

grey/ red /brown soil --- steep rocky Slopes Site Specificity based on Site Geo-morphology Very Difficult to intercept flows … Invariably summer time water scarcity Simple CCTs, gully plugs nala bunds etc DO NOT WORK HERE extraction device – Wells …springs Techniques/ structures … KT Bunds/ ponds / Deep Shaft Recharge /well / bore well recharge Cost … Very High due to geology and slopes

Heavy rain fall Site Specificity based on Rain Fall Difficult to retain maximum available water Water availability is usually not a limiting factor …topography is …as most of such areas are sloping Costly structures

Low rain fall Site Specificity based on Rain Fall Easy to retain maximum available water Water availability is usually a limiting factor …topography is usually conducive for recharge as these tend to be flatter or gentle slope areas Simpler structures

MIDC / GIDC areas Site Specificity based on Regulations Wells/ bore wells not permitted