Issues with Ethanol Additives in Non- Road Motor Fuel Minnesota E-20 Fuel John McKnight, NMMA

Ethanol GASOLINE

EPA Waiver Criteria Manufacturer must demonstrate that E20: –Will not cause or contribute to the failure of any vehicle to comply with emission standards over it useful life. –Testing must be completed to access the impact on Tailpipe emissions Evaporative emissions Materials compatibility Drivability – Registration of a fuel additive also requires testing to characterize compounds for potential health effects

Acceptable Operating Range Limit for Emission Compliance Limit for Acceptable Operation Operation on Neat Gasoline Operation on E10 Gasoline Operation on E20 Gasoline Lean Air:Fuel Ratio Rich

E-20’s Impact on Current, Exhaust- Emission Compliant Small Engines Exhaust temperatures up 100°F Peak cylinder pressures higher Combustion deposits Cylinder head gasket burned & failed Exhaust valve burned Cylinder bore scored – 25 hours light duty emissions testing –Lost cylinder compression –Lost 20% power

E-20 Implications on Engine Durability Cylinder head gasket burned Lost seal Exhaust leak out

Cylinder Bore scoring Deposits E-20 Implications on Engine Durability

Engine Durability Implications with E-20 Head bolts discolored due to heat and carbon build up from exhaust gas blowing past bolt

NMMA Staff Proposed Strategy Continue to work with the industry coalition; Collect data specific to the impact of E-20 on recreational marine engines and fuel systems; Build a technical case focusing on the waiver criteria against incremental increases in ethanol content; With solid documentation present this information to the Minnesota representatives, both state and federal; Post on E-20 documentation on the NMMA website and make this information available to the press; Develop an NMMA Position that considers the potential national trend towards increase use of reformulated fuels.