Warm-Up What do you consider to be the greatest invention in history? Why?

Chapter 11 The Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution – factory machines replaced hand tools, and large-scale manufacturing replaced farming. Inventions of machines made it possible for unskilled workers to produce items quickly. Changed the way goods were produced Cottage Industry – making things at home prior to industrialization

Samuel Slater Samuel Slater – sailed to the United States from Britain and brought the idea of machines for making thread and cloth

Factory system – brought people and machines together under one roof Factories Factory system – brought people and machines together under one roof People left farms and crowded into cities where factories were. Factories needed a source of power = water

New England states The New England states became a good place to set up factories - WHY?? Factories needed water for power – New England had many fast moving rivers Transporting goods – easy access to the ocean for ships No farming – people here were looking for jobs and willing to work

Children work Many workers in factories were women and children Children could often produce more cloth, more quickly Children as young as 7 were common workers

Women work Lowell Mills – textile mills in village of Lowell Massachusetts Machines spun raw cotton into yarn Mills employed farm girls – Lowell girls Girls lived in boarding houses & worked 12 hour days

Lowell Girls

Eli Whitney Interchangeable parts - Eli Whitney invented machine-made parts that were exactly alike This sped up production & made repairs easier Cheaper for factories to produce goods 1798 – demonstrated to Congress

Assembly Line Production Possible because of advances in technology interchangeable parts steam powered machinery Worker didn’t have to know how to build a product from start to finish good for unskilled workers jobs for immigrants

Transportation Robert Fulton – invented a steamboat that could move against the current or wind The Clermont could carry passengers much easier on water – moved people and goods very quickly More efficient method of transporting goods and people

Steamboat

Telegraph Samuel Morse – invented a telegraph that would send pulses of electricity down a wire Morse code Telegraph lines spanned the country making communication quicker & easier

Farming inventions John Deere – invented a lightweight steel plow that made preparing soil much less work

Farming Inventions Cyrus McCormick – invented a reaper which cut through grain New technology in farming allowed for more food quicker and cheaper HOW? The grain cut by this reaper fell on a platform, from which it was raked by a person walking beside the machine

This will lead to the need for more slaves to pick more cotton The Cotton Gin Eli Whitney – invented the cotton gin – a machine for cleaning cotton One worker (slave) could clean as much as 50 pounds of cotton a day in comparison to 1 pound by hand This will lead to the need for more slaves to pick more cotton

Cotton Gin

Farming Inventions Agriculture/Farming Inventions

The Cotton Boom The cotton gin changed southern life: Caused cotton farmers to move westward – to Alabama, Mississippi & Louisiana More Native Americans driven off land – as southern farming moved More slaves needed – to pick more cotton as it was cleaned faster

Slavery Cotton Kingdom – became the nickname of the South because of all the cotton plantations 8% of African Americans in South were free – 92% were slaves

Slavery Most famous slave rebellion was led by Nat Turner Turner and 70 followers killed 55 white men, women & children Turner was caught and he was tried and hanged Caused whites fear in the South – harsh laws were passed for slaves

Nationalism 1800’s NORTH – factories and industry SOUTH – plantations with cotton Nationalism – a feeling of pride & joy in your country This feeling of nationalism began to spread after the War of 1812

Roads & Canals U.S. needed better transportation systems Erie Canal – created a water route between New York City and the Great Lakes Unified 2 sections of the country Trade & goods flow throughout the U.S.

Erie Canal

Transportation Erie Canal helped New York city to become nation’s largest city 1830’s – nation began to use steam-powered trains to move goods & people

5th President James Monroe became the 5th president in 1816 Era of Good Feelings - bitter political disputes appeared to have ended Increased nationalism & patriotism Everyone seemed to be getting along

Sectionalism Sectionalism – loyalty to the interests of your own region of the country, rather than the nation NORTH – industry & factories SOUTH – farming, agriculture & plantations The country began to divide because of differences in jobs, industry & people

Sectionalism

Missouri Compromise For months the nation argued whether to admit Missouri as a slave state or a free state WHY? People wanted an equal number of free states & slaves states in Congress so one could not out-vote the other Missouri Compromise – Missouri would be admitted as a slave state, Maine would be admitted as a free state

13 Free States...13 Slave States Missouri Compromise 13 Free States...13 Slave States

Monroe Doctrine Some Latin American countries gained their independence from Spain Monroe did not want Europe colonizing or interferring with the U.S. or Latin America Monroe Doctrine – U.S. would not interfere with European nations or their colonies but they must leave Latin America alone.

Monroe Doctrine Monroe agreed with Washington’s Farewell Address – stay out of foreign affairs