Session 6 Integrated Emergency Management

Objectives of the Session Students will be able to 6.1 Define the principle of integration. 6.2Discuss the evolution of the concept of Integrated Emergency Management in the United States. 6.3Describe the mechanisms and stakeholders involved in horizontal integration. 6.4Identify the policy issues associated with vertical integration.

Definition Emergency managers ensure unity of effort among all levels of government and all elements of a community. Emergency managers ensure unity of effort among all levels of government and all elements of a community.

Student Activity Emergency managers ensure unity of effort among all levels of government and all elements of a community. Emergency managers ensure unity of effort among all levels of government and all elements of a community. Consider this statement. What does each component mean to you? Consider this statement. What does each component mean to you?

Definition “Unity of effort” - common objective that guides independent efforts. “Unity of effort” - common objective that guides independent efforts. “Levels of government” “Levels of government” Vertical (i.e. local, state, Federal) Vertical (i.e. local, state, Federal) Horizontal levels within a jurisdiction (i.e. departments, agencies, legislative, etc.) Horizontal levels within a jurisdiction (i.e. departments, agencies, legislative, etc.) “Elements of the community” - general public, private sector entities, and non- governmental organizations. “Elements of the community” - general public, private sector entities, and non- governmental organizations.

Student Activity Why is integration important? Why is integration important?

Why is integration important? More efficient application of resources More efficient application of resources Quicker response times Quicker response times Less confusion Less confusion Less duplication of effort Less duplication of effort Less chance of gaps in provision of relief Less chance of gaps in provision of relief Potential cost savings Potential cost savings Support to recovery Support to recovery

Levels of Integration Internal integration. Internal integration. Ensures elements of the EM program form a system Ensures elements of the EM program form a system characterized by a structured emergency management program characterized by a structured emergency management program

Levels of Integration Horizontal integration Horizontal integration brings together the efforts of groups that are bound together by mutual interests. brings together the efforts of groups that are bound together by mutual interests. A local emergency management program may include both public and private agencies as well as the general public. A local emergency management program may include both public and private agencies as well as the general public.

Levels of Integration Vertical integration Vertical integration seeks to ensure compatibility among various entities by encouraging standardization within broad parameters. seeks to ensure compatibility among various entities by encouraging standardization within broad parameters.

Drivers Directive from higher authority (e.g. NIMS) Directive from higher authority (e.g. NIMS) Development of standards (e.g. NFPA 1600) Development of standards (e.g. NFPA 1600) Consensus building through social networks (e.g. collaboration) Consensus building through social networks (e.g. collaboration) Doctrine Doctrine

Standards A standard is an acceptable level of quality as defined by a standards development organization. A standard is an acceptable level of quality as defined by a standards development organization. The US national standards organization is the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). The US national standards organization is the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).

Standards Accreditation requires Accreditation requires adherence to an accepted process for developing standards adherence to an accepted process for developing standards includes review and comment by subject matter experts includes review and comment by subject matter experts ensures an acceptable level of quality for the standard. ensures an acceptable level of quality for the standard.

Integration in the US Civil Defense Act of 1950 Civil Defense Act of 1950 Dual Use Doctrine 1976 Dual Use Doctrine 1976 National Governors Association study 1978 National Governors Association study 1978 Formation of FEMA 1979 Formation of FEMA 1979

Integrated Emergency Management System Focus on developing functional capability Focus on developing functional capability Identification of core functions Identification of core functions Identification and analysis of all hazards Identification and analysis of all hazards Identification of capability shortfalls Identification of capability shortfalls Development of multi-year strategy Development of multi-year strategy Equal weight to all four phases of emergency management Equal weight to all four phases of emergency management

Student Activity How does the Integrated Management System compare with the Target Capabilities List developed by DHS? How does the Integrated Management System compare with the Target Capabilities List developed by DHS? Are the two opposed or can they be integrated? Are the two opposed or can they be integrated?

Target Capabilities List Focus on developing functional capability Focus on developing functional capability Scenario-based rather than all hazards based Scenario-based rather than all hazards based Emphasizes response Emphasizes response Could be incorporated under NFPA Operational Procedures Could be incorporated under NFPA Operational Procedures

IEMS Today Forms foundation of National Preparedness Standard (NFPA 1600) Forms foundation of National Preparedness Standard (NFPA 1600) Encourages all hazards approach Encourages all hazards approach Links capability development to hazard analysis Links capability development to hazard analysis Encourages an enterprise approach Encourages an enterprise approach Encourages multi-year strategy development Encourages multi-year strategy development

Horizontal Integration The process of establishing a common purpose for stakeholders with roughly equal standing The process of establishing a common purpose for stakeholders with roughly equal standing Identify a common frame of reference Identify a common frame of reference Political Political Geographical Geographical

Student Exercise Select a common frame of reference Select a common frame of reference Identify potential stakeholders Identify potential stakeholders

Horizontal Integration Integration requires balancing inclusiveness against too many players Integration requires balancing inclusiveness against too many players Potential limiting criteria may include Potential limiting criteria may include Regulatory responsibilities Regulatory responsibilities Possessing significant resources Possessing significant resources Ability to successfully oppose initiatives Ability to successfully oppose initiatives

Student Activity Develop criteria for determining who is a stakeholder Develop criteria for determining who is a stakeholder Apply this criteria to the list stakeholders you previously developed Apply this criteria to the list stakeholders you previously developed

Horizontal Integration How will you identify core decision makers? How will you identify core decision makers? How will you ingrate peripheral players? How will you ingrate peripheral players? How will you resolve conflict? How will you resolve conflict? Consensus Consensus Majority vote Majority vote Vote by identified representatives Vote by identified representatives Document in an Administrative Plan Document in an Administrative Plan

Student Activity Assuming you have resolved issues of governance, what are the key activities your group of stakeholders must undertake to achieve integration? Assuming you have resolved issues of governance, what are the key activities your group of stakeholders must undertake to achieve integration?

Integrating Planning Hazard analysis to determine capability needs Hazard analysis to determine capability needs Identify shortfalls between needed and current capabilities Identify shortfalls between needed and current capabilities Develop multi-year strategy to eliminate shortfalls Develop multi-year strategy to eliminate shortfalls Translate strategy into annual work plans Translate strategy into annual work plans

Vertical Integration More hierarchical and directive than horizontal integration More hierarchical and directive than horizontal integration Right to direct limited by law and political autonomy Right to direct limited by law and political autonomy Alternatives to direction Alternatives to direction Grant funding Grant funding Reimbursement tied to “voluntary” compliance Reimbursement tied to “voluntary” compliance

Student Activity What methods has the US Government used to encourage integration in Emergency Management? What methods has the US Government used to encourage integration in Emergency Management?

Integration Directive –HSGP funds tied to the NIMS implementation Directive –HSGP funds tied to the NIMS implementation Standards – Standards – NFPA 1600 adopted as the National Preparedness Standard in NFPA 1600 adopted as the National Preparedness Standard in EMAP accreditation expenses eligible expenses under Federal grant programs. EMAP accreditation expenses eligible expenses under Federal grant programs. Title IX requires creation of a voluntary preparedness standard for the private sector. Title IX requires creation of a voluntary preparedness standard for the private sector.

Integration Doctrine Doctrine National Integration Center guides formal development of NIMS doctrine. National Integration Center guides formal development of NIMS doctrine. Documentation: concept documents, supplementary documents, guides Documentation: concept documents, supplementary documents, guides Implementation guidance and grant information Implementation guidance and grant information Funding to the Emergency Management Institute for curriculum development Funding to the Emergency Management Institute for curriculum development Training materials Training materials

Conclusion Integration Integration ensures unity of effort at all levels of government and all elements of the community. ensures unity of effort at all levels of government and all elements of the community. ensures compatibility among disparate plans and activities and ensures compatibility among disparate plans and activities and helps make emergency management more effective. helps make emergency management more effective.

Conclusion Effective integration addresses three levels: internal, horizontal and vertical. Effective integration addresses three levels: internal, horizontal and vertical. Methods that can be used to foster integration include directives, the development of a doctrinal base, the use of standards and accepted practices, and establishing social networks. Methods that can be used to foster integration include directives, the development of a doctrinal base, the use of standards and accepted practices, and establishing social networks.

Conclusion The core of successful integration is the integrated emergency management system. The core of successful integration is the integrated emergency management system. IEMS encourages capability development based on IEMS encourages capability development based on Hazard analysis Hazard analysis An all-hazards approach An all-hazards approach An enterprise approach An enterprise approach A multi-year strategy. A multi-year strategy.