History of the Containerization

Rowing Ships

Sailing Ships

Sail & Steam Ships

Steam Ships

Motor Vessels

General Cargo

Labor intensive Labor intensive Damage Damage Theft Theft Slow Slow Weather Weather

1950 Labor costs very high Labor costs very high Cargo volumes increasing Cargo volumes increasing

Pallets Advantages Advantages Quicker Quicker More load per lift More load per lift Less damage to Cargo Less damage to Cargo Not special shore equipment needed. Not special shore equipment needed. Disadvantages Disadvantages Pallets are Expensive Pallets are Expensive Not all cargo can be palletized Broken stowage Not all cargo can be palletized Broken stowage High investment High investment

General Cargo, Palletized

Pallets in Containers Labor costs still rising Labor costs still rising Still to much damage Still to much damage Quicker Dispatch Quicker Dispatch Door to Door concept Door to Door concept Intermodal transport Intermodal transport Less costs on packing Less costs on packing

Container Know before second world war on trains. Know before second world war on trains first containers sailed across the Atlantic with Atlantic Container lines and Matson 1958 first containers sailed across the Atlantic with Atlantic Container lines and Matson First on deck First on deck Later on below deck Later on below deck

Container shipping First on deck on general cargo ships. First on deck on general cargo ships. Later also below deck. Later also below deck. Multi Purpose ships Multi Purpose ships Full container ships, cellular ships Full container ships, cellular ships

General Cargo with Containers

Multi Purpose

Container First Generation

2nd generation

3rd Generation

4th generation, hatchless

5th generation

Modern container feeder

Ro-Ro

Lash

Bulk with containers

Heavy Cargo ships