Chapter Four: Supporting Details Milano Chapter Four: Supporting Details THIS CHAPTER IN A NUTSHELL • Supporting details are the evidence—such as reasons, examples, facts, and steps—that backs up main ideas. Those details help you understand main ideas. • There are two levels of supporting details: — Main items of support are called major details. Pay special attention to them. — Major details themselves are sometimes supported with information called minor details. • Words such as several steps or a number of reasons tell you that supporting details may follow. • Words such as first, another, and finally often introduce supporting details. • Outlines and maps (diagrams) can show you a main idea and its supporting details at a glance. See page 149 in textbook.

Objective Analyze the development of a central point for how it is shaped or refined by specific details in the text.

WHAT ARE SUPPORTING DETAILS? Milano WHAT ARE SUPPORTING DETAILS? Supporting details are reasons, examples, steps, or other kinds of evidence that explain a main idea, or point. See page 150 in textbook. Put this in NOTES.

WHAT ARE SUPPORTING DETAILS? Milano WHAT ARE SUPPORTING DETAILS? Poor grades in school can have various causes. For one thing, students may have financial problems. If they need to work long hours to make money, they will have little study time. Another cause of poor grades may be trouble with relationships. A student may be unhappy over family problems or a lack of friends. That unhappiness can harm schoolwork. A final cause of poor grades may be bad study habits. Some students have never learned how to take good notes in class, how to manage their time effectively, or how to study a textbook. Without such study skills, their grades are likely to suffer. What are the second and third reasons that should be added to complete this outline of the paragraph? How do you know? See page 150 in textbook. ANSWERS: 2. Trouble with relationships 3. Bad study habits The next slide highlights and explains the supporting details. Main idea: Poor grades in school can have various causes. Supporting detail: 1. Financial problems Supporting detail: 2. Trouble with relationships Supporting detail: 3. Bad study habits

Milano To read effectively, you must recognize both main ideas and the details that support those ideas. See page 150 in textbook.

Milano 1Some words are based on people’s names. 2For example, the word sandwich originated when the Earl of Sandwich, a British nobleman who loved to play cards, became hungry during a game in 1762. 3Not wanting to stop playing, he asked a servant to bring him some roast beef between two pieces of toasted bread. 4The quick portable snack was soon called a sandwich. 5Another person whose name became a word is a Frenchman named Dr. Guillotin. 6During the French Revolution, he pleaded for a quicker, kinder way than hanging to execute criminals. 7The result was the guillotine, a machine with a heavy blade used to behead people. 8A third example comes from a 19th-century Irish landlord named Mr. Boycott. 9When he refused to lower the high rents he was charging, his tenants stopped speaking to him. 10Today, to boycott means to refuse to do business with a person or company. See page 150 in textbook. The main idea is explained by examples. Write the main idea and the words that serve as examples. Main idea: Some words are based on people’s names Supporting detail: 1. Supporting detail: 2. Supporting detail: 3.

Milano 1Some words are based on people’s names. 2For example, the word sandwich originated when the Earl of Sandwich, a British nobleman who loved to play cards, became hungry during a game in 1762. 3Not wanting to stop playing, he asked a servant to bring him some roast beef between two pieces of toasted bread. 4The quick portable snack was soon called a sandwich. 5Another person whose name became a word is a Frenchman named Dr. Guillotin. 6During the French Revolution, he pleaded for a quicker, kinder way than hanging to execute criminals. 7The result was the guillotine, a machine with a heavy blade used to behead people. 8A third example comes from a 19th-century Irish landlord named Mr. Boycott. 9When he refused to lower the high rents he was charging, his tenants stopped speaking to him. 10Today, to boycott means to refuse to do business with a person or company. See page 150 in textbook. The main idea is explained by examples. Write the main idea and the words that serve as examples. Main idea: Some words are based on people’s names. Supporting detail: 1. sandwich (for example) Supporting detail: 2. Supporting detail: 3.

Milano 1Some words are based on people’s names. 2For example, the word sandwich originated when the Earl of Sandwich, a British nobleman who loved to play cards, became hungry during a game in 1762. 3Not wanting to stop playing, he asked a servant to bring him some roast beef between two pieces of toasted bread. 4The quick portable snack was soon called a sandwich. 5Another person whose name became a word is a Frenchman named Dr. Guillotin. 6During the French Revolution, he pleaded for a quicker, kinder way than hanging to execute criminals. 7The result was the guillotine, a machine with a heavy blade used to behead people. 8A third example comes from a 19th-century Irish landlord named Mr. Boycott. 9When he refused to lower the high rents he was charging, his tenants stopped speaking to him. 10Today, to boycott means to refuse to do business with a person or company. See page 150 in textbook. The main idea is explained by examples. Write the main idea and the words that serve as examples. Main idea: Some words are based on people’s names. Supporting detail: 1. sandwich (for example) Supporting detail: 2. guillotine (another) Supporting detail: 3.

Milano 1Some words are based on people’s names. 2For example, the word sandwich originated when the Earl of Sandwich, a British nobleman who loved to play cards, became hungry during a game in 1762. 3Not wanting to stop playing, he asked a servant to bring him some roast beef between two pieces of toasted bread. 4The quick portable snack was soon called a sandwich. 5Another person whose name became a word is a Frenchman named Dr. Guillotin. 6During the French Revolution, he pleaded for a quicker, kinder way than hanging to execute criminals. 7The result was the guillotine, a machine with a heavy blade used to behead people. 8A third example comes from a 19th-century Irish landlord named Mr. Boycott. 9When he refused to lower the high rents he was charging, his tenants stopped speaking to him. 10Today, to boycott means to refuse to do business with a person or company. See page 150 in textbook. The main idea is explained by examples. Write the main idea and the words that serve as examples. Main idea: Some words are based on people’s names. Supporting detail: 1. sandwich (for example) Supporting detail: 2. guillotine (another) Supporting detail: 3. boycott (third)

Milano OUTLINING Outlines begin with the main idea, followed by supporting details. • Major details explain and develop the main idea. • Minor details help fill out the major details and make them clear. Outlining is a useful note-taking strategy. See pages 151 to 153 in textbook. Put in NOTES.

Tip 1 Look for words that tell you a list of details is coming. Milano OUTLINING Outlining Tips Tip 1 Look for words that tell you a list of details is coming. List Words several kinds of various causes a few reasons a number of three factors four steps among the results a series of several advantages See page 153 in textbook.

OUTLINING Tip 1 Example Outlining Tips Milano OUTLINING Outlining Tips Tip 1 Example Poor grades in school can have various causes. For one thing, students may have financial problems. If they need to work long hours to make money, they will have little study time. Another cause of poor grades may be trouble with relationships. A student may be unhappy over family problems or a lack of friends. That unhappiness can harm schoolwork. A final cause of poor grades may be bad study habits. Some students have never learned how to take good notes in class, how to manage their time effectively, or how to study a textbook. Without such study skills, their grades are likely to suffer. See page 153 in textbook. From our first example.

Milano OUTLINING Outlining Tips Tip 2 Look for words that signal major details. These words are called addition words. Addition Words one final in addition last first another next last of all second also moreover finally first of all for one thing furthermore to begin with See page 154 in textbook.

OUTLINING Tip 2 Examples Outlining Tips Milano OUTLINING Outlining Tips Tip 2 Examples Poor grades in school can have various causes [list words]. For one thing [addition words], students may have financial problems. If they need to work long hours to make money, they will have little study time. Another [addition word] cause of poor grades may be trouble with relationships. A student may be unhappy over family problems or a lack of friends. That unhappiness can harm schoolwork. A final [addition word] cause of poor grades may be bad study habits. Some students have never learned how to take good notes in class, how to manage their time effectively, or how to study a textbook. Without such study skills, their grades are likely to suffer. See page 154 in textbook. First Example

Milano OUTLINING Tip 3 In your outline, put all supporting details of equal importance at the same distance from the margin. Main idea: Poor grades in school can have various causes. Major detail: 1. Financial causes Minor details: a. Need to work long hours after school b. No time left to study Major detail: 2. Trouble with relationships Minor details: a. Unhappiness over family problems b. Unhappiness over a lack of friends See pages 151 to 153 in textbook.

Milano What are the list words in the main idea statement? 1Some words are based on people’s names. 2For example, the word sandwich originated when the Earl of Sandwich, a British nobleman who loved to play cards, became hungry during a game in 1762. 3Not wanting to stop playing, he asked a servant to bring him some roast beef between two pieces of toasted bread. 4The quick portable snack was soon called a sandwich. 5Another person whose name became a word is a Frenchman named Dr. Guillotin. 6During the French Revolution, he pleaded for a quicker, kinder way than hanging to execute criminals. 7The result was the guillotine, a machine with a heavy blade used to behead people. 8A third example comes from a 19th-century Irish landlord named Mr. Boycott. 9When he refused to lower the high rents he was charging, his tenants stopped speaking to him. 10Today, to boycott means to refuse to do business with a person or company. See page 150 in textbook. New Example some words

Milano Look for the addition words that signal major details. 1Some words are based on people’s names. 2For example, the word sandwich originated when the Earl of Sandwich, a British nobleman who loved to play cards, became hungry during a game in 1762. 3Not wanting to stop playing, he asked a servant to bring him some roast beef between two pieces of toasted bread. 4The quick portable snack was soon called a sandwich. 5Another person whose name became a word is a Frenchman named Dr. Guillotin. 6During the French Revolution, he pleaded for a quicker, kinder way than hanging to execute criminals. 7The result was the guillotine, a machine with a heavy blade used to behead people. 8A third example comes from a 19th-century Irish landlord named Mr. Boycott. 9When he refused to lower the high rents he was charging, his tenants stopped speaking to him. 10Today, to boycott means to refuse to do business with a person or company. See pages 154 and 155 in textbook. ANSWERS: First major detail - One Second major detail - second Third major detail - Last of all The next slide highlights these signal words. for example another third

Milano 1Some words are based on people’s names. 2For example, the word sandwich originated when the Earl of Sandwich, a British nobleman who loved to play cards, became hungry during a game in 1762. 3Not wanting to stop playing, he asked a servant to bring him some roast beef between two pieces of toasted bread. 4The quick portable snack was soon called a sandwich. 5Another person whose name became a word is a Frenchman named Dr. Guillotin. 6During the French Revolution, he pleaded for a quicker, kinder way than hanging to execute criminals. 7The result was the guillotine, a machine with a heavy blade used to behead people. 8A third example comes from a 19th-century Irish landlord named Mr. Boycott. 9When he refused to lower the high rents he was charging, his tenants stopped speaking to him. 10Today, to boycott means to refuse to do business with a person or company. See page 155 in textbook. Main idea: Major detail: 1. Minor details: a. b. c. Some words are based on people’s names. Sandwich Earl of Sandwich – British nobleman loved playing cards & hungry servant brought roast beef between two slices of bread

1Some words are based on people’s names 1Some words are based on people’s names. 2For example, the word sandwich originated when the Earl of Sandwich, a British nobleman who loved to play cards, became hungry during a game in 1762. 3Not wanting to stop playing, he asked a servant to bring him some roast beef between two pieces of toasted bread. 4The quick portable snack was soon called a sandwich. 5Another person whose name became a word is a Frenchman named Dr. Guillotin. 6During the French Revolution, he pleaded for a quicker, kinder way than hanging to execute criminals. 7The result was the guillotine, a machine with a heavy blade used to behead people. 8A third example comes from a 19th-century Irish landlord named Mr. Boycott. 9When he refused to lower the high rents he was charging, his tenants stopped speaking to him. 10Today, to boycott means to refuse to do business with a person or company. Main idea: Major detail: 2. Minor details: a. b. c. Some words are based on people’s names. guillotine Dr. Guillotin – French Revolution quicker, kinder way of executing criminals machine with heavy blade for beheading

1Some words are based on people’s names 1Some words are based on people’s names. 2For example, the word sandwich originated when the Earl of Sandwich, a British nobleman who loved to play cards, became hungry during a game in 1762. 3Not wanting to stop playing, he asked a servant to bring him some roast beef between two pieces of toasted bread. 4The quick portable snack was soon called a sandwich. 5Another person whose name became a word is a Frenchman named Dr. Guillotin. 6During the French Revolution, he pleaded for a quicker, kinder way than hanging to execute criminals. 7The result was the guillotine, a machine with a heavy blade used to behead people. 8A third example comes from a 19th-century Irish landlord named Mr. Boycott. 9When he refused to lower the high rents he was charging, his tenants stopped speaking to him. 10Today, to boycott means to refuse to do business with a person or company. Main idea: Major detail: 3. Minor details: a. b. c. Some words are based on people’s names. boycott Mr. Boycott – 19th century Irish landlord refused to lower high rents tenants stopped talking to him

Tip 1 Look for words that tell you a list of details is coming. Milano OUTLINING Practice Tip 1 Look for words that tell you a list of details is coming. To motivate workers, managers should practice several methods of building self-esteem. One way to build self-esteem is to show a genuine interest in what workers have to say. Ask for their opinions and really listen to their responses. A second method of improving self-esteem is to practice good conversational habits. Do so in three ways: by looking a worker in the eye, by smiling frequently, and by calling workers by their first name—the most important word in the language to every person. Last of all, managers can build esteem by admitting mistakes. Doing so, they show that it is simply human to do the wrong thing at times. See page 153 in textbook. From our first example. several methods

Milano OUTLINING Practice Tip 2 Look for addition words. To motivate workers, managers should practice several methods of building self-esteem. One way to build self-esteem is to show a genuine interest in what workers have to say. Ask for their opinions and really listen to their responses. A second method of improving self-esteem is to practice good conversational habits. Do so in three ways: by looking a worker in the eye, by smiling frequently, and by calling workers by their first name—the most important word in the language to every person. Last of all, managers can build esteem by admitting mistakes. Doing so, they show that it is simply human to do the wrong thing at times. See pages 154 and 155 in textbook. One second Last of all

Really listen to their responses. Practice good conversational habits. Milano OUTLINING Practice Tip 3 In your outline, put all supporting details of equal importance at the same distance from the margin. Main idea: 1. a. b. 2. c. 3. To motivate workers, managers should practice several methods of building self-esteem. Show genuine interest in what workers have to say. Ask for their opinions. Really listen to their responses. Practice good conversational habits. See page 155 in textbook. End of Day 1 Look a worker in the eye. Smile frequently. Call workers by first name. Admit mistakes.

Mapping, like outlining, is a useful note-taking strategy. Milano PREPARING MAPS Maps, or diagrams, are visual outlines in which circles, boxes, or other shapes show the relationship between main ideas and supporting details. Mapping, like outlining, is a useful note-taking strategy. See pages 158 and 159 in textbook. Put in NOTES

Details Relate to the Main Idea PREPARING MAPS Details Relate to the Main Idea Main Idea/Topic Sentence Major Detail Minor Detail

PREPARING MAPS _________ last of all one second Milano PREPARING MAPS Below is a map of the paragraph on motivating workers. To motivate workers, managers should practice several methods of building self-esteem. One way to build self-esteem is to show a genuine interest in what workers have to say. Ask for their opinions and really listen to their responses. A second method of improving self-esteem is to practice good conversational habits. Do so in three ways: by looking a worker in the eye, by smiling frequently, and by calling workers by their first name—the most important word in the language to every person. Last of all, managers can build esteem by admitting mistakes. Doing so, they show that it is simply human to do the wrong thing at times. To motivate workers, managers should practice several methods of building self-esteem. _________ one last of all second Show genuine interest in what workers have to say Practice good conversational habits Admit mistakes See pages 158 and 159 in textbook. Ask for their opinions Really listen to their responses Look a worker in the eye Smile frequently Call workers by first name

Milano PREPARING MAPS Read the following paragraph. Notice the list words and the words that signal the three major details. People daydream for a variety of reasons. One cause of daydreaming is boredom, at school or on the job. To make life more interesting, people imagine being somewhere else. For example, a student might dream of lying on the beach and flirting with an attractive person on a nearby blanket. A production worker might dream about winning the lottery or becoming the big boss at the company. Another cause of daydreaming is a lack of something. For instance, a starving person might dream about food, or a poor person might dream about owning a house or a car. A third cause of daydreaming is angry feelings. An angry student might dream about dropping a hated math instructor out of a classroom window. _____________ ___ ______ See pages 158 and 159 in textbook. ANSWERS: 1. a variety of reasons 2. One 3. Another 4. third The next slide highlights these answers. ____

People daydream for a variety of reasons. Milano PREPARING MAPS People daydream for a variety of reasons. one third another See pages 158 and 159 in textbook.

Milano PREPARING MAPS Read the following paragraph. Notice the list words and the words that signal the three major details. People daydream for a variety of reasons. One cause of daydreaming is boredom, at school or on the job. To make life more interesting, people imagine being somewhere else. For example, a student might dream of lying on the beach and flirting with an attractive person on a nearby blanket. A production worker might dream about winning the lottery or becoming the big boss at the company. Another cause of daydreaming is a lack of something. For instance, a starving person might dream about food, or a poor person might dream about owning a house or a car. A third cause of daydreaming is angry feelings. An angry student might dream about dropping a hated math instructor out of a classroom window. _______ _____________ See pages 158 and 159 in textbook. ANSWERS: 1. a variety of reasons 2. One 3. Another 4. third The next slide highlights these answers. ___________

People daydream for a variety of reasons. Milano PREPARING MAPS People daydream for a variety of reasons. one third another Boredom Angry feelings Lack of something See pages 158 and 159 in textbook.

Milano PREPARING MAPS Read the following paragraph. Notice the list words and the words that signal the three major details. People daydream for a variety of reasons. One cause of daydreaming is boredom, at school or on the job. To make life more interesting, people imagine being somewhere else. For example, a student might dream of lying on the beach and flirting with an attractive person on a nearby blanket. A production worker might dream about winning the lottery or becoming the big boss at the company. Another cause of daydreaming is a lack of something. For instance, a starving person might dream about food, or a poor person might dream about owning a house or a car. A third cause of daydreaming is angry feelings. An angry student might dream about dropping a hated math instructor out of a classroom window. ________________________________ __________________________________ _______ See pages 158 and 159 in textbook. ANSWERS: 1. a variety of reasons 2. One 3. Another 4. third The next slide highlights these answers. ________________________ ______________ ____________________________ _______________ ______________________________________________________

People daydream for a variety of reasons. Milano PREPARING MAPS People daydream for a variety of reasons. one third another Boredom Angry feelings Lack of something Example: Worker dreams about winning lottery. Example: Poor person dreams about owning car. Example: Angry student dreams about dropping teacher out window. See pages 158 and 159 in textbook. Student dreams of lying on the beach Starving person dreams about food

In this chapter, you learned the following: Milano CHAPTER REVIEW In this chapter, you learned the following: • Supporting details go hand in hand with main ideas. They provide the added information you need to make sense of a main idea. • There are often two levels of supporting details—major and minor. • List words and addition words can help you to find major and minor supporting details. • Outlining and mapping are useful note-taking strategies. • Outlines and maps, or diagrams, show the relationship between the main idea, major details, and minor details of a passage. See page 162 in textbook. The next chapter, “Locations of Main Ideas,” will deepen your understanding of the relationship between main ideas and supporting details.

ISN Complete “What I Learned” statement on student side of ISN. Reflection: Draw a picture that represents what it means to Outline and Map information (not a diagram like we used in the lesson).