Warm-Up What do you consider to be the greatest invention in history? Why?

Chapter 11 The Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution – factory machines replaced hand tools, and large-scale manufacturing replaced farming. Inventions of machines made it possible for unskilled workers to produce items quickly. Changed the way goods were produced Cottage Industry – making things at home prior to industrialization

Samuel Slater Samuel Slater – sailed to the United States from Britain and brought the idea of machines for making thread and cloth

Factories Factory system – brought people and machines together under one roof People left farms and crowded into cities where factories were. Factories needed a source of power = water

New England states The New England states became a good place to set up factories - WHY?? Factories needed water for power – New England had many fast moving rivers Transporting goods – easy access to the ocean for ships No farming – people here were looking for jobs and willing to work

Children work Many workers in factories were women and children Children could often produce more cloth, more quickly Children as young as 7 were common workers

Women work Lowell Mills – textile mills in village of Lowell Massachusetts Machines spun raw cotton into yarn Mills employed farm girls – Lowell girls Girls lived in boarding houses & worked 12 hour days

Lowell Girls

Eli Whitney Interchangeable parts - Eli Whitney invented machine-made parts that were exactly alike This sped up production & made repairs easier Cheaper for factories to produce goods 1798 – demonstrated to Congress

Assembly Line Production Possible because of advances in technology interchangeable parts steam powered machinery Worker didn’t have to know how to build a product from start to finish good for unskilled workers jobs for immigrants

Transportation Robert Fulton – invented a steamboat that could move against the current or wind The Clermont could carry passengers much easier on water – moved people and goods very quickly More efficient method of transporting goods and people

Steamboat

Transportation Clipper Ship Long, slender, and fast sea-going ships which could cross the Atlantic quickly (as well as sail to the Pacific). Record transatlantic time for a clipper was 12 days in 1844 (New York to Liverpool, England). Mayflower took 66 days to make the same voyage.

Clipper Ship ( The Flying Cloud )

Telegraph Samuel Morse – invented a telegraph that would send pulses of electricity down a wire Morse code Telegraph lines spanned the country making communication quicker & easier

Farming inventions John Deere – invented a lightweight steel plow that made preparing soil much less work

Farming Inventions Cyrus McCormick – invented a reaper which cut through grain Cyrus McCormick New technology in farming allowed for more food quicker and cheaper HOW? The grain cut by this reaper fell on a platform, from which it was raked by a person walking beside the machine

The Cotton Gin Eli Whitney – invented the cotton gin – a machine for cleaning cotton One worker (slave) could clean as much as 50 pounds of cotton a day in comparison to 1 pound by hand This will lead to the need for more slaves to pick more cotton This will lead to the need for more slaves to pick more cotton

Cotton Gin

Farming Inventions Agriculture/Farming Inventions