Chapter 10 America’s Economic Revolution This is OIL…not blood…or ink.

The Industrial Revolution needed… 1. Large population—industry needed a large workforce to make the goods and to consume them 2. Ability to grow enough food to feed the workforce 3. Raw materials to supply industry 4. Technology for large scale manufacturing 5. Transportation 6. Business practices that allowed for the management of large industrial enterprises Chapter 10.1

American Population There were 3 population trends… Population Increase Population was increasingly rapidly—both through natural birth and immigration Gentlemen…this is the woman you want to be the mother of your children…if you’re afraid of the zombie apocalypse Chapter 10.1

American Population There were 3 population trends… Population Shift People moved from Countryside to Urban Centers in the Northeast and Northwest Chapter 10.1

American Population There were 3 population trends… Westward Migration People continue to move farther and farther west, crossing the Mississippi in larger numbers. Chapter 10.1

Why was there a population boom? Improvements in public health High birth rate—average white woman had 6.14 children Cities became better at managing public health, waste, disease, and cleanliness/hygiene Chapter 10.1

Immigrants and Urban Growth European Immigration—1830’s saw a drastic increase in European Immigration Urban communities needed rural communities for materials and food/rural communities needed urban communities for goods and capital Cities grew because of their location Near waterways, large depositories of materials, markets In the 1850s the U.S. population grew from 23 million people to 31 million people Of these, 1.5 million were European Immigrants Chapter 10.1

The Irish and the Germans Most European Immigrants of this era came from Ireland and Germany Germany Immigrants were mostly young men and families Came with money and skills, ready to work in factories or buy land for farming Ireland Immigrants were mostly young single women Came with no money, little skills, found work in textile mills in cities Came to escape the “Potato Famine” million Irish died Chapter 10.1

The Rise of Nativism NATIVISM—A defense of native-born people and a hostility to foreign born people. Wanted the government to slow or stop immigration. THE “KNOW-NOTHINGS”—a political party officially called The Supreme Order of the Star Spangled Banner. Wanted voters to have to be able to pass English reading tests to be able to vote didn’t want non-native borns to hold public office. Eventually they would become the American Party. They were strong in the early 1850’s in the East. Chapter 10.1

The Canal Age —the “Turnpike Era” many roads were built —the “Canal Age” many canals were built Steamboats carried corn and wheat from the Northwest and cotton and tobacco from the South to New Orleans where it was shipped to New York, San Francisco and to Europe The West and the East wanted a quicker, cheaper way to ship goods…thus canals!!! Canals were too expensive to be built by private companies so local and State governments paid for them…Take that FEDERALISTS! Chapter 10.2

Roads vs. Canals 1.5 Tons, 18 miles per day100 Tons, 24 miles per day VS

The Erie Canal 350 miles long 40 wide and 40 feet deep Started in 1817, finished in 1825 Was paid for in 7 years of tolls Made New York the fastest growing, wealthiest and most influential city in the country…TAKE THAT PITTSBURG!!!! Helped bring settlers west Chapter 10.2

The Early Railroads Early Railroads started with the invention of… Tracks—many differed in size and shape (which was a problem) why? Steam Powered Locomotive —Spanish for “Crazy Train” (that’s where the expression “All aboard the Crazy Train, Choo Choo” comes from) Train Cars carried both goods and passengers 1 st Track was in Baltimore in 1830—13 miles long By 1836, 1,000 miles of track had be laid in the U.S. Canals and Railroads competed for business. Who do you think won and why????????? Chapter 10.2

Triumph of the Rails 1840—2,818 miles of track in the U.S. 1850—9,021 miles of track in the U.S. 1860—27,679 mils of track in the U.S. Chicago becomes the rail center of the West 100 trains move in and out of Chicago every day Chapter 10.2

Railroad Investment Building and operating railroads required a lot of capital and a lot of investment which came from… Small local investors Large foreign investors—mostly German and British Local governments The Federal Government in the form of Public Land Grants 1860 Congress had given Railroad companies 30 million acres of land to the railroad companies Chapter 10.2

Innovation in Communication 1844 Samuel Morse invents the Magnetic Telegraph—TEXT MESSAGING IS BORN! Uses the cleared land of train tracks to run wires between train stations and cities. Symbiotic relationship. The Telegraph separated the North and South further because the North had this new, fast, technological type of communication why the South was slow to build telegraph lines. Chapter 10.2

Telegraph Wire By ,000 miles of Telegraph wire crisscrossed the U.S. The wires could go around the Earth twice!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Telegraph Wire +50,000 Times Or that’s like driving from Athens to 7-11 on Long Lake and John R. 50,000 Times!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! “Wow Mr. Flessa… way to make our learning real world relevant!”— Says student fascinated by this bit of trivia!

Journalism 1846 Richard Hoe ( Giggitty ) invented the Steam Cylinder Rotary Press Allows for cheaper quicker production of newspapers 1846 the Associated Press is formed A cooperative of news gathering sources that share news, information, and stories through telegraph wires Chapter 10.2