Good Morning! Bell-Ringer – Define the words on the top of page 965. United Nations iron curtain containment Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan Cold War NATO Warsaw Pact brinkmanship

Chapter 33, Section 1 “Cold War: Superpowers Face Off”

I.Allies Become Enemies A. Yalta Conference: A Postwar Plan 1. U.S., Britain, & Soviet Union met in Yalta, Feb divide Germany into zones of occupation 3. Germany would pay Soviet Union 4. Stalin agreed to join war against Japan 5. Stalin promised free elections in Eastern Europe B. Creation of the United Nations (UN) 1. international organization intended to protect members against aggression 2. General Assembly a. UN member nation could cast votes on issues 3. Security Council a. 11-member body investigated & settled disputes b. permanent members – Britain, China, France, U.S., & Soviet Union a. Could veto any Security Council action

C. Differing U.S. and Soviet Goals 1. WWII affected U.S. & Soviet Union differently a. U.S. – 400,000 deaths from war; cities & factories intact b. Soviet Union – 13,600,000 deaths from war; many cities demolished Joseph Stalin

Super Power Aims in Europe United States Encourage democracy in other countries to help prevent the rise of communist gov’ts Gain access to raw materials and markets to fuel booming industries Rebuild European gov’ts to promote stability and create new markets for U.S. goods Reunite Germany to stabilize it and increase the security of Europe Soviet Union Encourage communism in other countries as part of a worldwide workers’ revolution Rebuild its war-ravaged economy using Eastern Europe’s industrial equipment and raw materials Control eastern Europe to protect Soviet borders & balance the U.S. influence in Western Europe Keep Germany divided to prevent its waging war again

II.Eastern Europe’s Iron Curtain A. Soviets Build a Buffer 1. Stalin installed Communist gov’t 2. Potsdam, Germany, July 1945 a. Truman, Churchill, & Stalin met b. Stalin didn’t allow free elections in E. Europe

B. An Iron Curtain Divides East and West 1. Germany divided a. East Germany – Communist b. West Germany – democratic

2. “iron curtain” b. Churchill’s phrase to represent Europe’s division into democratic W. Europe & Communist E. Europe

III.United States Tries to Contain Soviets A. Containment 1. Truman’s policy to stop expansion of communism 2. forming alliances & helping weak countries resist Soviets B. The Truman Doctrine 1. foreign aid for Turkey and Greece; $400 million C. The Marshall Plan 1. provide food and goods to help rebuild Western Europe $12.5 billion President Harry Truman

D. The Berlin Airlift – Allies removed troops from Germany 2. Soviet Union held West Berlin hostage & cut off traffic 3. U.S. & British officials flew food and supplies into West Berlin – Soviets ended blockade

IV.The Cold War Divides the World A. Cold War 1. struggle over political differences carried on by means short of military action or war B. Superpowers form Rival Alliances 1. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) a – 10 western European nations joined U.S. & Canada 2. Warsaw Pact a – Soviet Union, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, & Albania 3. The Threat of Nuclear War a – Soviets exploded atomic weapon b – U.S. tested H-bomb (Soviets in 1953) c. Brinkmanship 1. willingness to go to the brink, or edge, of war 2. beginning of the arms race – both sides building up militaries

C. The Cold War in the Skies 1. October 4, 1957 – Soviets Launched Sputnik (1 st unmanned satellite – U.S. launched its own satellite 3. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) flew U-2 planes over Soviet Union a. May 1960 – Soviets shot down plane, & pilot was captured U-2 Spy Plane Pilot Gary Powers

Daily Essential Questions 1.What was the purpose in forming the United Nations? 2.To what does the phrase “iron curtain” refer? 3. What was the goal of the Marshall Plan? 4. What were the goals of NATO and the Warsaw Pact?

Super Power Aims in Europe United States Encourage _____________ in other countries to help _________________ the rise of _________________ gov’ts Gain __________ to raw ____________ and markets to fuel booming ___________ __________ European gov’ts to promote _____________ and create new ___________ for U.S. goods Reunite _____________ to ___________ it and increase the security of ____________ Soviet Union Encourage ______________ in other countries as part of a ________________________ revolution __________ its war-ravaged economy using Eastern Europe’s _______________ equipment & raw _________ Control eastern __________ to protect ______________ borders & balance the _____ influence in _________ Europe Keep _________ divided to prevent its ________ war again