End of WWI. Cost of War Fare  November 11, 1918: Armistice  Agreement to end fighting, like a treaty  Human casualties of 8.5 million  17 million.

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End of WWI

Cost of War Fare  November 11, 1918: Armistice  Agreement to end fighting, like a treaty  Human casualties of 8.5 million  17 million wounded  Factories, homes, buildings destroyed  Nations had tremendous war debts to repay  Took out huge loans, sold bonds to finance

Tripe Entente (Allies) Deaths

Triple Alliance (Central) Deaths

Treaty of Versailles  The “Big Three” drew up the treaty  David Lloyd George (representing GB)  Georges Clemenceau (France)  Woodrow Wilson (U.S.)

Treaty of Versailles  The Allies blamed Germany for the start of and severity of the war  Why?  Militarism (building up armaments which created tension)  Trigger Happy  Declaring war on Russia was seen as unnecessary  Conflict between Austria/Hungary and Serbia could have been contained to Balkan region  Russia was not intended to launch full war on Austria/Hungary – only support Serbia with money and arms. When Germany declared war, then a true war was launched…

Treaty of Versailles  Written at the Paris Peace Conference  Boundaries/sovereignty restored and created  Germany had to pay 33 billion dollars in reparations  German military given size limitations  Because of militarism  Took away Germanys overseas territories  Because of imperialism

Additional results of war….  Woodrow Wilson’s 14 points  Blueprint for peace negotiations  Included ideas of freedom of the seas, open trade, removal of economic barriers  League of Nations  Included 40 nations  These nations agreed to negotiate disputes rather than resort to war  U.S. refused to join the League (did not want to commit to being involved in European tensions)

Before….After….

Results that will haunt….  Germans are extremely upset with Treaty of Versailles  They were exceptionally nationalistic  Felt like a little kid getting spanked. Didn’t think it was justified.  Economy was destroyed  Had to pay such big reparations, they had no money to rebuild themselves  No one helped them rebuild  No one helped them. They felt isolated – no one cares

What will happen…  Sense of German unity (why us? We need to band together! Help each other because no one else will help us! Long live Germany! We will survive!)  Will lead to Fascism (right wing, conservative – go back to traditional ways – reactionary!)  They need a strong leader. Someone to help life their spirits, rebuild their country and their economy, someone who can punish those who have harmed us…..

Adolf Hitler

Activity  Read Wilson’s 14 Points on page 52  For each point identify if you believe they will work or not. Support your inference with past historical evidence  If history repeats itself, identify when it first happened

Exit Ticket  What terms were present in the Treaty of Versailles?  Germany had to pay huge reparations, lost colonies, military downsized  What is an armistice?  Agreement to end fighting  Why did the U.S. Not join the league of nations?  Did not want to commit to involvement in European problems