Chapter 11, Section 1 The Rise of Islam

Terms Oasis Oasis Hijra Hijra Monotheism Monotheism Mosque Mosque Hajj Hajj Jihad Jihad

Setting the Scene In Mecca… In Mecca… A religious zealot and followers exploring a new faith. A religious zealot and followers exploring a new faith. Mohammed Mohammed

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING Arabian Peninsula Deserts and Oasis

An Oasis in the Desert

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING Bedouins

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING Mecca a Crossroads in Arabia Crossroads of Caravan Routes East - West Mesopotamia East Africa East - West Mesopotamia East Africa North – South Syria/Palestine Southern Arabia North – South Syria/Palestine Southern Arabia

Mecca - A Pilgrimage Site. Kaaba Ancient Shrine housed polytheistic idols. Ancient Shrine housed polytheistic idols. Later… considered a shrine used by Abraham. Later… considered a shrine used by Abraham.

Mecca - A Pilgrimage Site. Kaaba Ancient Shrine housed polytheistic idols. Ancient Shrine housed polytheistic idols. The local tradesmen, innkeepers, made good profit on the tourist trade. The local tradesmen, innkeepers, made good profit on the tourist trade.

Muhammad – Born 570 AD

Muhammad Shepard

Muhammad Caravans Merchant

Mohammad Age 25 Marries Khadija

Mohammad Troubled by Idol Worship and Moral Decline

Muhammad Meditation in the Desert

Muhammad Hears a Voice – “Recite”

Muhammad Recite? What?

Muhammad “Recite in the name of your God, the Creator, who created man from clots of blood.” “Recite in the name of your God, the Creator, who created man from clots of blood.” Voice of the Angel Gabriel Voice of the Angel Gabriel

Muhammad He is an illiterate Merchant to be the voice of a new religion? He has Doubts. He is an illiterate Merchant to be the voice of a new religion? He has Doubts. His wife, Khadija, encourages him and becomes the first convert to Islam. His wife, Khadija, encourages him and becomes the first convert to Islam.

Mohammad New Religion – Islam New Religion – Islam Islam means Submission Islam means Submission Allah is Arabic for God. Allah is Arabic for God. Islam is submission of the self to Allah Islam is submission of the self to Allah

Muhammad Attracted few followers Not many believers in his new religion. Not many believers in his new religion. His new views rejects the local idols of Kaaba. His new views rejects the local idols of Kaaba. Locals get upset with him… if pilgrims don’t come to the shrine… they’re out of business. Locals get upset with him… if pilgrims don’t come to the shrine… they’re out of business. Muhammad receives death threats. Muhammad receives death threats.

Muhammad and followers flee to Yathrib 622 AD 622 AD Their flight from Mecca to Yathrib is called “The Hijra” Their flight from Mecca to Yathrib is called “The Hijra”

To Yathrib Medina

Muhammad and followers flee to Yathrib 622 AD flight - Mecca to Yathrib - “The Hijra” 622 AD flight - Mecca to Yathrib - “The Hijra” Yathrib later is renamed Medina Yathrib later is renamed Medina “Medina means “City of the Prophet (Mohammad) “Medina means “City of the Prophet (Mohammad)

Muhammad and followers flee to Yathrib MEDINA Here Muhammad’s message more accepted Here Muhammad’s message more accepted Many converts Many converts Muhammad now seen as God’s Prophet: Muhammad now seen as God’s Prophet: Ruler Ruler Lawgiver Lawgiver

Muhammad and followers flee to Yathrib MEDINA In time, newly converted Muslims of Medina will attack Meccan caravans and later conquer Mecca. In time, newly converted Muslims of Medina will attack Meccan caravans and later conquer Mecca.

Victorious Muslims taking Mecca

Muhammad Dies – 632 AD

Relic: Footprint of Mohammad

ISLAM TODAY One of the 5 great religions. Judaism--Old Testament. Judaism--Old Testament. Christianity--New Testament as well. Christianity--New Testament as well. Islam--The Quran as well. Islam--The Quran as well. Hinduism Hinduism Buddhism Buddhism

Teachings of Islam Monotheistic – God the Creator Monotheistic – God the Creator People of the Book People of the Book Old and New Testament Old and New Testament Quran Quran

Teachings of Islam The Quran God is… God is… All Powerful All Powerful Compassionate Compassionate

Teachings of Islam The Quran Whoever strays bears the full responsibility of straying Whoever strays bears the full responsibility of straying

Teachings of Islam Each will stand and receive Final Judgment Eternal Punishment in Hell or Eternal Bliss in Paradise Eternal Punishment in Hell or Eternal Bliss in Paradise

Teachings of Islam The Quran No “official” priests as mediators between God and man. No “official” priests as mediators between God and man.

Teachings of Islam The Five Pillars

The Five Pillars of Islam 1. There is No God but God, Muhammad is the messenger of God 2. Daily Prayer – Preferably in a mosque and/or prostrate facing Mecca 3. Give Alms – Charity to the Poor 4. Fasting During Ramadan No food from sunrise to sundown 5. The Hajj – A Pilgrimage to Mecca All good Moslems strive to do this at least once in their lifetimes. (Visit the Kaaba)

There is No God but God The Moslem Confession of Faith – seen her in Arabic Calligraphy.

Daily Prayer

Give Alms

Fast during Ramadan Sunrise to Sunset

Pilgrimage to Mecca, The Hajj – Kaaba

Pilgrimage to the Hajj – Kaaba

Pilgrimage to Mecca The Hajj Kaaba

Pilgrimage to Mecca - The Hajj – Kaaba

Pilgrimage to Mecca, The Hajj – Kaaba

Teachings of Islam Muslims believe God has sent other Prophets: Muslims believe God has sent other Prophets: Abraham Abraham Moses Moses Jesus Jesus But.. Mohammad was the last and greatest Prophet. But.. Mohammad was the last and greatest Prophet.

Mosques – Houses of Worship

Dome of the Rock – Jerusalem

Jihad – Holy Service Not only Holy War

Quran – direct, unchangeable word of God. Quran seen as the ultimate authority on all matters. Quran seen as the ultimate authority on all matters.

This ultimate authority was provided in the Arabic Language Converts study Arabic to accurately see God’s will.

People of the Book. A shared heritage with Jews and Christians

Religious Tolerance? Muslims viewed People of the Book, Believers in the One God, as Superior to Polytheists. (but all religions originally were tolerated) Muslims viewed People of the Book, Believers in the One God, as Superior to Polytheists. (but all religions originally were tolerated) The views of other People of the Book were tolerated in early Muslim Society. The views of other People of the Book were tolerated in early Muslim Society.

A Way of Life, Not just a Religion Islamic Teachings intertwine with all parts of society in the Muslim World. Islamic Teachings intertwine with all parts of society in the Muslim World. Ethics Ethics Family Family Government Government

A Way of Life, Not just a Religion Sharia – Islamic Law Sharia does not separate religious from civil matters. Sharia does not separate religious from civil matters. The Quran is applied to all legal matters The Quran is applied to all legal matters

Impact upon Women Quran states a religious equality Quran states a religious equality “Whoever does right, whether male or female…” “and is a believer, all such will enter the Garden.” “Whoever does right, whether male or female…” “and is a believer, all such will enter the Garden.”

Impact upon Women Quran prohibits some past practices…. Quran prohibits some past practices…. Killing of Daughters formally prohibited Killing of Daughters formally prohibited Inheritance laws protect women’s rights to inherit. Inheritance laws protect women’s rights to inherit. Muslim women must consent freely to a marriage. Muslim women must consent freely to a marriage.

True Equality… not really Belief in separate roles for men and women. Belief in separate roles for men and women. Much harder for a woman to get a divorce than for a man. Much harder for a woman to get a divorce than for a man. Veiling upper class women, adopted from neighboring cultures (Persian & Byzantine). Also secluding them at home. Veiling upper class women, adopted from neighboring cultures (Persian & Byzantine). Also secluding them at home.

Veiling upper class women, adopted from neighboring cultures (Persian & Byzantine).

The End