By: Mrs. Agosta, Mrs. Hassett and Ms. Pojer

Founder of Islam in the 7th century C.E. in Mecca. He is the “Seal of the prophets” (the last prophet.)

Led the fight against idolatry and polytheism. LET’S REVIEW! Polytheism- belief in many godsPolytheism- belief in many gods Monotheism- belief in one godMonotheism- belief in one god

Major Rules of Islam

1. Declaration (or Profession) of Faith  Sahada shows monotheism  Rejects Idolatry- worship of statues and idols There is no god worthy of worship except God, and Muhammad is His Messenger [or Prophet]. There is no god worthy of worship except God, and Muhammad is His Messenger [or Prophet]. DON’T WRITE

2. Prayer  Salat A. Must pray 5x a day B. Facing Mecca- holiest city C. Recite from the Koran (Qur’an) or sacred text D. Muslims worship in a Mosque on Fridays

  Prayers performed at: * dawn * noon * late afternoon * sunset * before going to bed DON’T WRITE

 A Muezzin calls Muslims to prayer from the Minaret or tower at the corner of the mosque. WRITE

One must wash before praying. One must prayer on a prayer rug or a clean space. DON’T WRITE

3. Almsgiving  Zakat means Charity  You should anonymously donate 2.5% of your income.

4. Fasting  Sawm Ramadan  No eating or drinking from sunrise to sunset during the holy month of Ramadan. hows devotion to Allah  For self-purification and shows devotion to Allah

Eid Mubarak End of the Ramadan holiday. Ramadan takes place at a different time each year because it is based on the lunar calendar. DON’T WRITE

5. Pilgrimage  Hajj (Hadj)  Religious journey to Mecca done at least once in a lifetime.

 The ba- the most revered (honored) shrine in Mecca built by Abraham  The Kaaba- the most revered (honored) shrine in Mecca built by Abraham  Muslims circle it during hajj

 In Mecca all pilgrims wear white robes to symbolize their equality in the eyes of god.  Only Muslims are welcome in Mecca. DON’T WRITE

Sacred text: The Koran (Qur’an) The Sharia are Islamic laws in the Koran. It shows how to live.

KORAN DO’S AND DON’TS FORBIDDEN: REQUIRED: Drinking alcohol Honor your parents Eating porkProtect women and Gambling children Worship of idols

 ther holy cities in Islam: Medina  Other holy cities in Islam: Medina Muhammed fled there from Mecca. This is called the hijra, Muhammed fled there from Mecca. This is called the hijra, which is the beginning of the Muslim calendar Meccan merchants sought to kill Muhammad for clearing the Kaaba of idols (He was bad for business). In 622 CE, Muhammad and his followers left Mecca for Medina. This was a turning point for Islam; Muslim converts in Medina welcomed Muhammad, and the religion grew. Meccan merchants sought to kill Muhammad for clearing the Kaaba of idols (He was bad for business). In 622 CE, Muhammad and his followers left Mecca for Medina. This was a turning point for Islam; Muslim converts in Medina welcomed Muhammad, and the religion grew. DON’T WRITE

Jerusalem- Dome of the Rock Mount Moriah Rock where Muhammad ascended to heaven.

Sects of Islam Sects of Islam SunniSunni Shia or Shi’iteShia or Shi’ite Sunnis believe any Muslim can be caliph or religious leader. Orthodox (stricter) form of Islam. Shia believe only direct descendants of Muhammed can be caliph. DON’T WRITE

View of Women The Koran protects women but men’s interpretation of Koran changed things. In many Muslim countries, women must be veiled when they leave the house in Muslim countries. DON’T WRITE

Muslim Women in Burkas

Muslim Women in Head Scarves

What’s the difference between Muslim women in burkas and the way Christian nuns dress?

Jihad Struggle against evil.Struggle against evil. Some radical Muslim extremists use this idea to justify fighting a “holy war.”Some radical Muslim extremists use this idea to justify fighting a “holy war.”

Islam has Judeo- Christian Foundations  Muslims are strict monotheists.  They believe in the same God as Jews and Christians.  Muslims believe that the Torah and the Bible, like the Qur’an, is the word of God. “People of the Book”  Muslims call Jews and Christians “People of the Book”

The Prophetic Tradition Adam Noah Abraham Moses Jesus Muhammad

Abraham’s Genealogy ABRAHAM SARAH HAGAR Isaac Esau Jacob 12 Tribes of Israel Ishmael 12 Arabian Tribes

The Origins of the Qur’an  Muhammad received his first revelation from the angel Gabriel in the Cave of Hira in 610.  622  Hijrah  Muhammed flees Mecca for Medina. * The beginning of the Muslim calendar (1 A.H.)  Muhammad’s revelations were compiled into the Qur’an after his death.

The Qur’an  Muslims believe it contains the word of God.  114 suras (chapters).  In the name of Allah, the compassionate, the merciful.  Written in Arabic.

Other Islamic Religious Practices  Up to four wives allowed at once.  No alcohol or pork.  No gambling.  Sharia  body of Islamic law to regulate daily living.  Three holiest cities in Islam: * Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem.

The Spread of Islam  Easy to learn and practice.  No priesthood.  Teaches equality.  Non-Muslims, who were “Peoples of the Book,” were allowed religious freedom, but paid additional taxes.  Easily “portable”  nomads & trade routes.  Jihad (“Holy War”) against pagans and other non-believers (“infidels”).

The Mosque  The Muslim place of worship.

Essential Question: Why was Islam able to spread so quickly and convert so many to the new religion?

Muslims in the World Today

Countries with the Largest Muslim Population 1.Indonesia183,000,0006.Iran62,000,000 2.Pakistan134,000,0007.Egypt59,000,000 3.India121,000,0008.Nigeria53,000,000 4.Bangladesh114,000,0009.Algeria31,000,000 5.Turkey66,000,00010.Morocco29,000,000 * Arabs make up only 20% of the total Muslim population of the world.

Muslims in America

Muslim Culture in NYC The Islamic Center, New York City