Islam

Key Terms and People Sand dunes Oasis Sedentary Caravan Souk Muhammad Islam Muslim Qur’an Shrine Pilgrimage Mosque Jihad Sunnah Five pillars of Islam Features influence

Origins of Islam Chapter 3.2 Muhammad continued to receive messages from God the rest of his life. These messages were collected in the Qur’an, the holy book of Islam. Muhammad: Born in 570 Both parents died before he was 6 He was raised by his uncle Traveled in his uncle’s caravan trading goods He married Khadijah when he was 25 Trading made many people rich and those rich began to ignore the poor. Muhammad often meditated and one time while meditating, an angel appeared to him – telling him to “Recite!” the message of God. A prophet is one who tells of messages from God This message became the basis of the religion of Islam. Islam means “to submit to God”. A follower of Islam is called a Muslim

Muhammad’s Teachings Muhammad’s teachings were similar to Judaism and Christianity. Monotheistic (Mono=1, theistic= belief in Gods) He taught that there was one God- Allah (the God in Arabic) This was different to the Arabic people- they were used to worshiping many Gods – Polytheism (Poly=many) His teachings upset many Arabs: He told them to worship one God – Allah He told them that all that believed in Allah would be equal - no power with wealth. He told them that people should give money to the poor. Many Arabs rejected his teachings – at first.

Spread of Islam Kaaba Located in Mecca, Saudi Arabia Mecca’s merchants were angry and refused to follow the teachings of Muhammad. In fact, many threatened Muhammad with violence and wanted him dead. In 622 Muhammad and his followers traveled from Mecca to Medina for safety. This journey to Medina is known as the first hegira (hi-ji-ruh) The arrival in Medina holds an important place in Islamic history – the year 622 (the year of the hegira) and became known as the 1st year of the Islamic calendar Muhammad’s house in Medina became the 1st mosque: a Muslim place of worship. Even though Muhammad left Mecca for protection – The eventually accepted Islam and welcomed Muhammad back and accepted Islam as their religion. Muslims recognize Mecca as the home of the Kaaba – the house of worship that Abraham built and dedicated to the worship of one God. Kaaba Located in Mecca, Saudi Arabia Muslims all over the world face Mecca (and the Kaaba) while they pray in their mosques

Characteristics of a Mosque Minaret – Tall, slim tower that very in size, style, shape, and quantity. Domes – No religious significance purely aesthetic. Inside of dome is usually covered in beautiful tile and mosaic. Prayer Hall – Large deliberately bare prayer space. Worshippers kneel on ground in humility of God. Midrib – an indentation in wall to show the worshippers the direction to pray. Prayer rug – a rug that worshippers use during prayer. They are usually small and help keep worshippers clean as they pray. Shoe shelves – Place to hold shoes of worshippers.

Chapter 3.3: Islamic Beliefs and Practices Qur’an Collection of Muhammad's teachings Says that there is one God- Allah- and Muhammad is his prophet. Allah’s commands must be obeyed. It guides Muslim’s lives. Muslims are to wash before they pray to be pure for Allah. It encouraged the freedom of slaves and described rights of women. Jihad (ji-hahd) – “to make an effort or to struggle”

The Sunnah 5 Pillars of Islam The Five Pillars of Islam: Daily Prayer This is a model for the duties and expectations of a Muslim. The Five Pillars of Islam: There is no god but God, and Muhammad is his prophet. Daily prayer – 5 times a day Yearly donation to charity. Fasting – daily during Ramadan. Hajj – a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their lifetime. 5 Pillars of Islam One God Muhammad Is his prophet Daily Prayer Donate to Poor Fasting Hajj

Islamic Law Shariah (shuh-ree-uh) Based on the Qur’an and the Sunnah. Was a system that judged the rightness of actions. It was the basis for law in Muslim country until modern times.