Bellringer What do you know about Islam? – If you are a Muslim, instead answer: What do you think your classmates know?

Agenda 1.Islam GRAPES

Objectives Students will be able to… 54. Identify the holy cities of Islam and the places where Islam spread. 55. Summarize the core beliefs of Islam, including the prophet Muhammad and the Five Pillars. 56. Describe the achievements and contributions of Islamic civilization.

Islam Objective #54

Disclaimer This lesson will follow the broad outline (the textbook definition) of Islam. We all have different beliefs, even those who share the same religion name. You are not asked to believe or agree with all that is taught today, and we will not have a religious debate. Think today about the historical, not religious connections.

Terminology The religion is Islam (noun) Believers are Muslims (noun) Elements of the culture can be Muslim or Islamic (adjectives )

G

Arabian Peninsula Founded in the city of Mecca, located on the Arabian Peninsula Located at the crossroads of three continents What spread along trade routes besides goods?

Mecca Mecca was an important trade hub – Located in Southern Arabia – At an oasis Yearly trade caravans Religious pilgrims worshipping at the Ka’bah, an ancient shrine (from Abraham)

Ka’bah

Cultural Diffusion! Because of trade routes and religious importance of the Ka’bah, cultural diffusion was able to overcome long distances and difficult boundaries!

Monotheistic with the belief in Allah Followed the revelations from Allah to Muhammad as written in their holy book, the Qur’an Believed in the Judeo-Christian prophets, like Moses and Abraham R Objective #55

Muhammad the Prophet Muhammad is the final prophet – Prophets are human Given the word of Allah through the angel Gabriel Disrespectful to show his face

Five Pillars

A Today, we list. Next week, we explore – Astronomy – Mathematics – Medicine – Baghdad (the House of Wisdom) – Geographic knowledge – Universities – Mosques and Architecture – Calligraphy

Masjid al-Haram Found in Mecca, it is the world’s biggest Mosque

World’s Largest Mosque

Dijenné, Mali

Damascus, Syria

Córdoba, Spain

Courtyard at Córdoba

Hagia Sophia

Minarets

Blue Mosque, Istanbul

Oh yeah? Mine has 9!

Zabid Ancient Islamic university where the term 'algebra' was coined

Dome of the Rock

Calligraphy

Islamic Art: Calligraphy

Islamic Art: Mosaics

Calligraphy and Mosaics Calligraphy Mosaic

Islam was led by the Prophet Muhammad until his death in 632 C.E. The first four successors, or caliphs, were related to Muhammad – Known as the Rightly Guided Caliphs P

Spread of Islam Mecca Medina Territory at Muhammad’s deathTerritory at Abu Bakr’s deathTerritory at Ali’s death

Sunni/Shi’a Split Disagreements over succession to Muhammad Islamic unity ends with assassination of his son-in-law, Ali – Partisans of Ali = Shi’a sect

Sunni/Shi’a Split Sunni MuslimsShi’a Muslims Believed that ruler could be any that followed Muhammad’s example Believed that ruler should be a RELATIVE of Muhammad Follow elected leadersFollow leaders that have been chosen by Muhammad or Allah Biggest population of Muslims (about 90%) Smaller population of Muslims (about 10%)

Umayyad Dynasty First Muslim dynasty They set up a hereditary system of getting new leaders They moved the Muslim capital to Damascus

Umayyad Expansion Islamic empire spreads across northern Africa and to Spain The spread into Europe was halted at the Battle of Tours in 732 C.E. – Charles the Hammer This prevents the spread of Islam across Europe

Umayyad Expansion

Abbasid Dynasty Umayyad Dynasty is stopped at Tours, and then overthrown by the Abbasids – REMEMBER RULE #8! Abbasids move the Muslim capital to Baghdad Eventually Baghdad is destroyed by the Mongols

Islamic economy was focused on trade Trade routes went – East to the Silk Road – West across Northern Africa and the Mediterranean – South to Red Sea and Indian Ocean E

All Muslims are seen as a religious community called an umma The umma come together to pray Muslims live their daily lives in accordance with the law seen in the Qu’ran and the teachings of Muhammad. This is known as Shari’a Law S