Do Now – On the note card given answer the following questions. What is at the center of the Christian belief system? What is the Christian holy book? Who are their prophets of the Christian faith? Where do Christians worship? What are some Christian customs and traditions?
Brief History Abraham creates the “Covenant” with God Hebrews are enslaved in Egypt Moses frees them from Egypt and they flee to the promised land (Exodus) Jews are persecuted in the Holocaust Israel is given back to the Jews after WWII
Judaism Founded by Abraham 2,000 B.C.E. Made a Covenant with God
Torah Written in Hebrew First five books of the bible (Old testament) Genesis, Deuteronomy, Numbers, Leviticus, Exodus Contains laws that guide the life of a Jew Must use a “yad” to follow along
Torah What are some of the laws found in the old Testament?
Synagogue The front faces Jerusalem. There is an “ark” where the Torah is kept. A “bema” is a podium used during services. Women sit in a separate section.
Jewish Milestones (Like Catholic Sacraments) Bris – ritual circumcision Bar/Bat Mitzvah – full adult status and responsibility within the religion Boys at 13 Girls at 12 Marriage - "Be fruitful and multiply"
Huppah Break a glass to remind them that sadness is around the corner
Jewish Customs Yarmulke – A.K.A. Yamaka. Reminds them that God is above. Easy to recognize other Jewish males. Tallit – A.K.A. prayer shawl. Tallit
Kosher Foods Jews obey the Kashrut (dietary laws) Cannot eat pig, camel, rabbits, badgers or bugs. Animals must be prepared a certain way. Cannot eat meat with dairy or fish with meat. Pots and pans used to prepare food cannot be used on foods of other “statuses”. Cannot consume grape products produced by a “non Jew”.
Jewish Holidays Passover – reminds them of their freedom from slavery in Egypt Passover Rosh Hashanah - Jewish New Year Yom Kippur – holiest day of the year Sukkot, the “Festival of Booths” Hanukkah, the “Festival of Lights” Hanukkah
How is Judaism related to Christianity? Judaism is the foundation of Christianity Torah is the Old Testament (more or less) Jesus was Jewish Jews are not concerned with the afterlife They do believe in the “world to come”
Judaism Today 13 – 14 Million worldwide 5 – 6 Million in Israel 5 – 6 Million in U.S
Islam
Founder: Muhammad Born: 571 AD in Mecca Descendant of Abraham
571 - Muhammad born in Mecca First revelation (Hira cave) “Hijira”or Escape. Muhammad flees to Medina Muhammad conquers Mecca Muhammad dies History of Muhammad
Only in Arabic translated copies are not true Quran’s 114 Chapters (chapter = Surah) Confirms most stories of the old testament Special place for Virgin Mary God = Allah (in Arabic language) The Quran or Koran
5 Pillars of Islam
The framework for Muslim life. 1.The declaration of faith: "There is no deity but God, and Muhammad is the messenger of God“ 2.Prayer: Five obligatory prayers each day. Must pray towards the Kabah in Mecca The 'Five Pillars' of Islam (Their Commandments)
Prayer is very ritualistic and must be done on a clean surface. Rugs are not necessary but are often used.
The 'Five Pillars' of Islam 3.Charity: Obligatory charitable giving. 4.Fasting: From sunrise to sunset during the holy month of Ramadan 5.Pilgrimage: A pilgrimage (Hajj) to Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
Minaret Mosque Video of an Adhan
Mosques All remove their shoes before entering. Before prayer they do the wudu (cleaning of hands, feet and face) in a fountain outside of the payer area. The “imam” leads prayer from the “minbar”. Women sit in a separate chamber.
Islamic Custom and Traditions The hijab Women are required to cover their bodies so that their figure is not revealed. They are not required to cover their faces.
Relation with Christianity Uses biblical stories A special place for Jesus and Mary The right of all faiths to worship was respected Sites of worship, holy places and shrines of all faiths were protected
Islam Today 1.3 Billion worldwide About 7m Muslims in the USA