Polar vs. Nonpolar Molecules

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Presentation transcript:

Polar vs. Nonpolar Molecules Bonding Polar vs. Nonpolar Molecules August 2012

Polar Molecules If a bond is polar covalent, the molecule itself has the potential to be either polar or nonpolar Whether a molecule is polar or nonpolar all boils down to two things: Symmetry Lone pairs of electrons on the central atom

Symmetry If a molecule has perfect symmetry, its is nonpolar Ex. H2 Ex HCl Dot Diagram Shape Polar or nonpolar Dot Diagram Shape Polar or nonpolar

O C O Symmetry If a molecule has perfect symmetry, its is nonpolar Ex. CO2 Dot Diagram Shape Polar or nonpolar Linear nonpolar O C O

Carbon tetrafluoride Ex CF4 tetrahedral Non-polar Dot Diagram Shape Polar or nonpolar tetrahedral Non-polar

Lone Pairs of Electrons If the “central” atom has one or more lone pairs of electrons, it will distort the shape of the molecule making it polar. Ex. H2O Dot Diagram Shape Polar or Nonpolar POLAR H O H

Lone Pairs of Electrons If the “central” atom has one or more lone pairs of electrons, it will distort the shape of the molecule making it polar. Ex. NH3 Dot Diagram Shape Polar or Nonpolar POLAR H H N H

Polar or Nonpolar Molecule? CF3Cl F2 Dot Diagram Shape Polar or Nonpolar Tetrahedral Nonpolar Dot Diagram Shape Polar or Nonpolar Linear Nonpolar F F

Summary Asymmetrical covalently bonded molecules will be polar Lone pairs of electrons around the central atoms will distort the shape and make the molecule polar 3 shapes Linear Bent Tetrahedral