SSWH5 The student will trace the origins and expansion of the Islamic World between 600 CE and 1300 CE. a. Explain the origins of Islam and the growth of the Islamic Empire. b. Identify the Muslim trade routes to India, China, Europe, and Africa and assess the economic impact of this trade. c. Explain the reasons for the split between Sunni and Shi'a Muslims. d. Identify the contributions of Islamic scholars in medicine (Ibn Sina) and geography (Ibn Battuta). e. Describe the impact of the Crusades on both the Islamic World and Europe. f. Analyze the relationship between Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Islam

Arabian Peninsula

Arabian Peninsula Geography Center of a trade network – Africa, Europe, Asia “Silk Roads” – spices, silks, and other goods Nomad groups – Bedouins

Mecca City in Western Arabian Peninsula Home of Ka’aba (Kah-buh) – house of worship Jews and Christians had lived there many years

Muhammad and Allah Allah – Arabic name for God Muhammad – 570 A.D. (C.E.) born Angel Gabriel spoke to him Muhammad believed it was Allah Muhammad believed he was the last prophet of Allah

Islam and Muslims Arabic words Islam – submission to the will of Allah Muslim – one who has submitted People in Mecca fear Muhammad’s teachings

Fleeing Mecca Hijrah (hih-jee-ruh) – Migration of Muhammad and followers from Mecca to Medina (Yathrib) 630 – Muhammad and 10,000 followers return to Mecca

Review a bit… The Spread of Islam: World History Atlas Through military conquest Through trade later What were the roads called? Silk Roads! Spices, incense, perfumes, precious metals, ivory, silk

Five Pillars Treatment of People Faith – belief in one God Prayer – 5 times a day Alms – giving to poor Fasting – Ramadan, fast between dawn and sunset Pilgrimage (Hajj) – travel to Mecca! If capable! Treatment of conquered people was not horrible. Allowed Christians and Jews to practice their religion – they paid a tax

OH NOES! Caliph (successor) – 4 people between Muhammad’s death and the split in Islam 661 – Ali, Muhammad’s cousin and son-in-law assassinated Umayyad – come to power and move capital

OH NOES! Split in Islam! 4 caliphs were rightly guided Sunni Shi’a 4 caliphs were rightly guided Muslim rulers should follow Muhammad’s example, called Sunna Claim that Shi’a distort passages in the Qur’an (Koran) Ali should have succeeded Muhammad Muslim rulers should be descendants of Muhammad Claim that Sunni distort passages in the Qur’an OH NOES! Split in Islam!

Science and math! Wait…what? Baghdad (city) - Abbasid Empire Islamic scholars collect the knowledge of Greece, India, Persia The Thousand and One Nights (Ever heard of Aladdin?!) Calligraphy – Islamic art flourishes

Medicine and geography Ibn Sina - 100 papers make up his Canon of Medicine – pharmacological studies of properties of new medicines. Ibn Battuta – traveled nearly 75,000 miles in lifetime. Rihla – The Journey – documents his travels to places in the Muslim world

Islam and the crusades

Crusades 11th, 12th, 13th Century military campaigns of Christians against Muslims East - Byzantine Empire (Christians) live in Holy Land against Seljuk Turks West – Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) 1085 expel Moors (Muslims from North Africa)

First crusade Alexios I (Byzantine) calls for aid to Pope Urban II (Rome) – old buddies, new problems… 1096 CE (AD) send armies to re-conquer Holy Land Christians take Holy Land – slaughter many people living there

Crusades 2 - 9 #2 – Defending from advancing Muslim armies #3 – Saladin defeats Christian armies #4 – Western Christians attack Constantinople…ooops? #5 – Not much going on # 6 – Frederick II Holy Roman Empire (modern day Germany) takes control of Jerusalem through treaties # 7 – French Kings, failure # 8 – Nothing… # 9 – Christians forced from Levant

So what was that all about?! Central Government becomes more important than Papacy (the Pope and Church) Islamic learning transferred to Western Europe Art, science leads to Renaissance in Europe (eventually) Increased trade with Asia, use of Roads from Roman era This trade through Silk Roads leads to need for exploration after Silk Roads close