Sustainable Community Development: some thoughts Global Partnership Workshop: Research in Sustainable Community Development Center for Latin American Studies University of Pittsburg April Prof. Gilberto M. Jannuzzi University of Campinas and International Energy Initiative

University of Pittsburgh April 2007 Contents  Energy as a cross cutting issue: urban and rural development  Basic needs, poverty alleviation and sustainability  Energy shaping future urban design  Challenges

University of Pittsburgh April 2007 Sustainable Urban Development?

University of Pittsburgh April 2007 Electricity consumption around the world From: Modi et. al. (2005)

University of Pittsburgh April 2007 Population without electricity access in developing regions up to 2030 From: Modi et. al. (2005)

University of Pittsburgh April 2007 Human Development Index (UN HDR, 2004) vs. Annual Per Capita Commercial Energy Consumption For the poorest countries small increments in energy services boost significantly their living conditions From: Modi et. al. (2005)

University of Pittsburgh April 2007 Traditional fuels consumption From: Modi et. al. (2005)

University of Pittsburgh April 2007 Population without access to modern cooking fuels From: Modi et. al. (2005)

University of Pittsburgh April 2007 Brazil: The saturation levels of LPG (% total HH)

University of Pittsburgh April 2007 Evolution of LPG demand: total and average per capita consumption (1990=100) Oil sector de-regulation Ends LPG uniform pricing, subsidies and government control (partial and gradual)

University of Pittsburgh April 2007 Gender: time spent and transport burden Highest burden on women: firewood, water collection

University of Pittsburgh April 2007 Challenges  Modern energy services needed! 1 billion people without electricity 2 billion people without clean cooking fuels  We have the technologies and $ to solve the above!!!  Increasing urbanization in developing countries  Increasing demand for “energy services” (direct and indirect), leisure, mobility Serious implications: space design and climate change Examples of implications to developing countries:  World’s demand for goods drives China’s growing energy demand and GHGs emissions  World’s demand for biofuels and bio-trade may distort developing countries domestic needs

University of Pittsburgh April 2007 Aiming at sustainable energy system affects spatial design Source: Moffatt (2007)

University of Pittsburgh April 2007 Aiming at spatial design affects future energy system Source: Moffatt (2007)

University of Pittsburgh April 2007 Regional Systems Building Stock Transportation Systems Natural Gas Electricity Agriculture ICT Ecosystems Security Industry Land Use Roads Sewerage Waste Housing ParksLighting TransitWater Municipal Services Office Buildings Environmental Management System Fleet Mgt. Purchasing Corporate Operations

University of Pittsburgh April 2007 Energy from “underground” → Small spatial claims Source: Moffatt (2007)

University of Pittsburgh April 2007 Future energy supply increasingly surface bound → Large spatial claims Source: Moffatt (2007)

Elements: Fire, Water, Soil, Air Solar potential Source: Moffatt (2007)

Elements: Fire, Water, Soil, Air Water potential Source: Moffatt (2007)

Elements: Fire, Water, Soil, Air Subsoil potential

Elements: Fire, Water, Soil, Air Wind potential Source: Moffatt (2007)

Elements: Fire, Water, Soil, Air Biomass potential

University of Pittsburgh April 2007 Source: Moffatt (2007) Potential mix: Fire, Water, Soil, Air

University of Pittsburgh April 2007 Integration of energy-scape with landscape Source: Moffatt (2007)

University of Pittsburgh April 2007 Storm Water Integration of energy systems with all other urban systems Source: Moffatt (2007)

University of Pittsburgh April 2007 Distributed, Clustered, Interconnected, Integrated, Adaptable, Low-impact, Service-Oriented, Multipurpose Source: Moffatt (2007)

University of Pittsburgh April 2007 Multi-fuel Multi-modal Alternative Energy & Transportation Hub Source: Moffatt (2007)

University of Pittsburgh April 2007 Summing up  Daunting task!! But possible. Technologies, more R&D, more $ Combination public policies & market mechanisms Cooperation and integration  Sustainability means several things: Fight poverty increase material development Increase future energy security  Guarantee “basic needs”  What other needs are “basic”?  Challenge: efficient system with net low or no GHGs emissions The build environment is key contributor towards a more sustainable energy system Sustainable lifestyle to all

University of Pittsburgh April 2007 References  Moffatt, S. “Urban Efficiency: case study” presented at the Workshop Scaling-up Energy Efficiency: Bridging the Action Gap. International Energy Agency, Paris, 2-3 April see also  Fulkerson, W., M. D. Levine, et al. (2005). "Sustainable, efficient electricity service for one billion people." Energy for Sustainable Development IX(2):  Modi, V., S. McDade, et al. (2005). “Energy Services for the Millennium Development Goals”. New York, The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank/ESMAP, United Nations Development Programme: 116.  Jannuzzi, G. M. and G. A. Sanga (2004). "LPG subsidies in Brazil: an estimate." Energy for Sustainable Development VIII(3):  Goldemberg, J., T. Johansson, et al. (2004). "A global clean cooking fuel initiative." Energy for Sustainable Development VIII(3): 5-12.

Thank you!