Punnett Squares Using a diagram to help predict offspring in genetic crosses.

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Punnett Squares Using a diagram to help predict offspring in genetic crosses

The Punnett Square Named for Reginald Punnett Consists of four boxes Parental gametes are used to determine possible genotypes of offspring

Breeders use punnett squares to help select individuals most likely to produce offspring with the pheonotype they want

Monohybrid Cross Looks at one set of contrasting traits

Flower color in pea plants P = purple (dominant) p = white (recessive) PP X pp PP p p

p p PP Pp All offspring will have the genotype Pp (heterozygous) and the phenotype of purple flowers.

p p PP Pp Genotypic ratio = 4/4 Pp (all heterozygous) Phenotypic ratio = 4/4 purple Probability = 100 heterozygous and purple

Dihybrid Cross Looks at two sets of contrasting traits

T = tall plant (dominant) t = short plant (recessive) P = purple flower (dominant) p = white flower (recessive) TtPp X TtPp TPTptPtp TP Tp tP tp TTPPTTPpTtPPTtPp TTPpTTppTtPpTtpp TtPPTtPpttPP ttPp TtPpTtpp ttPp ttpp

TTPPTTPpTtPPTtPp TTPpTTppTtPpTtpp TtPPTtPpttPP ttPp TtPpTtpp ttPp ttpp Genotypic ratio = 1 TTPP1 TTpp4 TtPp1 ttPP 2 TTPp2 TtPP2 Ttpp2 ttPp 1 ttpp

TTPPTTPpTtPPTtPp TTPpTTppTtPpTtpp TtPPTtPpttPP ttPp TtPpTtpp ttPp ttpp Phenotypic ratio = 9 tall, purple3 tall, white 3 short purple 1 short white 9:3:3:1