1.3 UTILIZING MODIS SATELLITE OBSERVATIONS TO MONITOR AND ANALYZE FINE PARTICULATE MATTER (PM2.5) TRANSPORT EVENT Chieko Kittaka* SAIC, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA James Szykman US EPA, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards,Research Triangle Park, NC Brad Pierce, Jassim Al-Saadi, Doreen Neil NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA Allen Chu, Lorraine Remer NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD Elaine Prins NOAA/NESDIS/SSEC/CIMSS, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI John Holdzkom VRCO, Virginia Beach, VA Acknowledgement: Liam Gumley, SSEC, University of Wisconsin-Madison for MODIS AOD and COT data

10Z Sep. 610Z Sep. 8 AIRNow PM2.5 AQI, September Z Sep. 10 AQI : Sensitive Unhealthy AQI : Moderate Sensitive AQI : Good Moderate Utilize satellite and surface observations in combination with trajectory analysis What is responsible for the poor air quality in Midwest for this time period?

Sep. 04Sep. 05 Sep. 06Sep. 07 Historic wildfire events in Pacific NW and British Columbia during 2003 WF_ABBA Fire Pixels, Elaine Prinns (NOAA/NESDIS)

Bear Butte Fire & Booth Fire wildfire complex Northwest Oregon on September 4, 2003 Aerosol Optical Depth EnvirocastTM StormCenter Communications, Inc MODIS Team MODIS observations of Pacific NW wildfires on Sep. 4, 2003 Visible image

MODIS AOD: color contours WF_ABBA Fire pixels: purple dots Clean air advection behind cold front September 4, 2003

MODIS AOD: color contours WF_ABBA Fire pixels: purple dots September 6, 2003

MODIS AOD: color contours WF_ABBA Fire pixels: purple dots September 7, 2003 Elongation of high AOD along trough axis

MODIS AOD: color contours WF_ABBA Fire pixels: purple dots September 8, 2003 Development of high pressure systems over Canada and central US

MODIS AOD: color contours WF_ABBA Fire pixels: purple dots September 9, 2003 Elevated AOD entrained into merging high pressure systems

MODIS AOD: color contours WF_ABBA Fire pixels: purple dots September 10, 2003 Steady high pressure system over Eastern US

Forward trajectory analysis using MODIS AOD - 48 hour forward trajectories initialized at MODIS AOD > 0.6 Two sets of trajectories: initialized at ~15Z Sep. 6 Illustrate advection of high AOD from the source regions to Midwest initialized at ~15Z Sep. 7 Illustrate entrainment of high AOD into anti- cyclonic circulation over Midwest

18Z Sep hour AOD trajectories initialized at ~15Z Sep. 6

21Z Sep hour AOD trajectories initialized at ~15Z Sep. 6

00Z Sep hour AOD trajectories initialized at ~15Z Sep. 6

03Z Sep hour AOD trajectories initialized at ~15Z Sep. 6

06Z Sep hour AOD trajectories initialized at ~15Z Sep. 6

09Z Sep hour AOD trajectories initialized at ~15Z Sep. 6

12Z Sep hour AOD trajectories initialized at ~15Z Sep. 6

15Z Sep hour AOD trajectories initialized at ~15Z Sep. 6

18Z Sep hour AOD trajectories initialized at ~15Z Sep. 6

21Z Sep hour AOD trajectories initialized at ~15Z Sep. 6

00Z Sep hour AOD trajectories initialized at ~15Z Sep. 6

03Z Sep hour AOD trajectories initialized at ~15Z Sep. 6

06Z Sep hour AOD trajectories initialized at ~15Z Sep. 6

09Z Sep hour AOD trajectories initialized at ~15Z Sep. 6

12Z Sep hour AOD trajectories initialized at ~15Z Sep. 6

15Z Sep hour AOD trajectories initialized at ~15Z Sep. 6 End of Trajectories #1

initialized at ~15Z Sep. 7 Illustrate entrainment of high AOD into anti-cyclonic circulation over Midwest

16Z Sep hour AOD trajectories initialized at ~15Z Sep. 7

18Z Sep hour AOD trajectories initialized at ~15Z Sep. 7

21Z Sep hour AOD trajectories initialized at ~15Z Sep. 7

00Z Sep hour AOD trajectories initialized at ~15Z Sep. 7

03Z Sep hour AOD trajectories initialized at ~15Z Sep. 7

06Z Sep hour AOD trajectories initialized at ~15Z Sep. 7

09Z Sep hour AOD trajectories initialized at ~15Z Sep. 7

12Z Sep hour AOD trajectories initialized at ~15Z Sep. 7

15Z Sep hour AOD trajectories initialized at ~15Z Sep. 7

18Z Sep hour AOD trajectories initialized at ~15Z Sep. 7

21Z Sep hour AOD trajectories initialized at ~15Z Sep. 7

00Z Sep hour AOD trajectories initialized at ~15Z Sep. 7

03Z Sep hour AOD trajectories initialized at ~15Z Sep. 7

06Z Sep hour AOD trajectories initialized at ~15Z Sep. 7

09Z Sep hour AOD trajectories initialized at ~15Z Sep. 7

12Z Sep hour AOD trajectories initialized at ~15Z Sep. 7

15Z Sep hour AOD trajectories initialized at ~15Z Sep. 7 End of Trajectories #2

MODIS AOD Sep. 08

18Z 9/10 Elevated surface PM2.5 caused by descent of high AOD within high pressure system

Conclusions The MODIS AOD observations and trajectory analysis show that the poor air quality events observed in Midwest in early September were a result of wildfires in the NW states and British Columbia. This case study shows that utilizing satellite and surface observations, combined with trajectory analysis, can provide a powerful tool for monitoring and interpreting PM transport events. These tools can also improve air quality forecasts.

MODIS True color image 18:55Z Sep. 4, 2003

2003 Sep Sep. 10 MODIS AOD (column) AIRNOW PM2.5 (surface) AQI sensitive~unhealt hy in Midwest Utilizing MODIS observations to monitor and analyze transport events

Sep. 05 MODIS AOD: color contours WF_ABBA Fire pixels: purple dots

Sep. 06 MODIS AOD: color contours WF_ABBA Fire pixels: purple dots

Sep. 07 MODIS AOD: color contours WF_ABBA Fire pixels: purple dots Elongation of high AOD along trough axis

Sep. 08 MODIS AOD: color contours WF_ABBA Fire pixels: purple dots Development of high pressure systems over Canada and central US

Sep. 09 MODIS AOD: color contours WF_ABBA Fire pixels: purple dots Elevated AOD entrained into merging high pressure systems

Sep. 10 MODIS AOD: color contours WF_ABBA Fire pixels: purple dots Steady high pressure system over Eastern US

Sep. 11 MODIS AOD: color contours WF_ABBA Fire pixels: purple dots

Sep. 12 MODIS AOD: color contours WF_ABBA Fire pixels: purple dots

Sep. 13 MODIS AOD: color contours WF_ABBA Fire pixels: purple dots

Sep. 14 MODIS AOD: color contours WF_ABBA Fire pixels: purple dots

18Z 9/10 High AOD