EUROPEAN UNION INITIATIVES AND REQUIREMENTS : AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT AS A POLICY MECHANISM Sonja Vidič Meteorological and Hydrological Service of Croatia Zagreb, Grič 3,

AIR Air Protection Act (OG No. 48/95, 178/04), applied from 31st March 2005 Regulation on Limit Values of Pollutant Emissions from Stationary Sources into the Air (OG No. 140/97, 105/02, 108/03, 100/04) Regulation on Sitting of National Network Stations for Continuous Air Quality Monitoring (OG No. 4/02) Programme on Air Quality Measurement in the National Air Quality Monitoring Network (OG No. 43/02) Regulation on Limit Values of Pollutants in Ambient Air (OG 133/05) Regulation on Alert Thresholds of Pollutants in Ambient Air (OG 133/05) Regulation on Ozone in Ambient Air (OG 133/05) Ordinance on Air Quality Monitoring, (OG 155/05) Ordinance on Emission Monitoring from Stationary Sources (OG 1/06) Regulation on Limit Values of Pollutant Emissions (LVE) from Stationary Sources into the Air (1997, amended 2002, 2004) Regulation on Conditions for Issuing Permits for Performing Professional Environmental Activities (OG 07/97)

Under Council Directive 96/62/EC on Air Quality Assessment and Management, Member States of the EU are required to assess air quality throughout their territory. The requirements for those assessments depend on the nature of the area and the levels of air pollution, in relation to limit values as defined in Daughter Directives It is recommended that the results obtained from these assessment methods be presented as maps, where the spatial extent of an area exceeding limit values, or requiring a certain assessment methodology, can be easily seen. Air Quality Assessment

EC legislation on air quality envisages the use of tools other than measurements to provide the full picture needed to underpin successful air quality management. “Assessment" is defined as "any method used to measure, calculate, predict or estimate the level of a pollutant in ambient air". Three main assessment methods or tools can be used singly or in combination for preliminary air quality assessment: preliminary air quality measurements; air emission inventories; and and air pollution modelling. Air Quality Assessment

First Preliminary AQ Assessment for Croatia Analyse existing air concentration and deposition data available reports on air quality in 2005 and 2006 meteorological and geographical conditions emissions and their spatial distribution spatial distribution of main emission sources results of EMEP model calculations in a 50 km x 50 km grid for Croatia other relevant information (population, industrial/agricultural areas, land use)

Propose logical division of Croatian territory into zones and agglomerations

To arrive at a satisfactory system of zones within a country or region the following zone designation process is recommended: It starts with the Preliminary Assessment of how air quality is spatially distributed in the territory of the country or region that is responsible for the designation of zones. This focuses on the pollutants addressed by the first Daughter Directive, but it is also wise to consider the pollutants of future daughter directives as far as possible.

In the Preliminary Assessment, all relevant air quality parameters (annual averages, exceedences of hourly/daily values) are taken into account. Then an attempt is made to identify areas of similar air quality characteristics, in terms of exceedences, source types, climatology and topography. The air quality picture emerging is then projected onto a map of territories of local administrations with competence regarding the control of sources. Taking the borders of administrations as possible delineations of zones, combinations of administrative territories are sought that have similar air quality characteristics.

Main air pollution concerns PM 10 concentration exceedences at most measurement sites Ozone exceedences at 4 sites AOT40 exceedences at the whole territory of Croatia (EMEP model and measurements at 2 rural sites) NO 2 exceedences in Zagreb SO 2 exceedences

Sisak: III rd category: 265 days with hourly conc. above 350 µg/m 3 and 24 days with conc. above 125 µg/m3

NO 2 exceedences II nd category

H 2 S exceedences III rd category

PM 10 exceedences II nd category

Ozone exceedences at all sites

µg/m 3 h

Average annual concentrations of ozone

Total SO 2, NO 2 and CO emissions

Gridded total annual emissions, 2004

Precipitation amount

Air temperature

g-eq/ha ACIDIFICATION

g-eq/ha EUTROPHICATION

% of acid rain

Monitoring network with regard to zones