Bloom’s Ranking of Thinking Skills Knowledge Comprehensi on ApplicationAnalysisSynthesisEvaluation List, Name, Identify, Show, Define, Recognise, Recall, State, Visualise Summarise, Explain, Interpret, Describe, Compare, Paraphrase, Differentiate, Demonstrate, Classify Solve, Illustrate, Calculate, Use, Interpret, Relate, Manipulate, Apply, Modify Analyse, Organise, Deduce, Contrast, Compare, Distinguish, Discuss, Plan, Devise Design, Hypothesise, Support, Schematise, Write, Report, Justify Evaluate, Choose, Estimate, Judge, Defend, Criticize Lesson 1.3: Core Values of Liberalism Key Question: What are the core values of Liberalism?

Our Learning Journey Introduction to Liberalism Enlightenment, Capitalism and Liberty Core values of Liberalism Types of Liberalism Key Liberal Thinkers Issues in Liberalism Liberalism in the UK Assessment on Liberalism

Draw the following table in your books. Reflect on what you have learnt so far. What do you already know about Liberalism? What have you learnt about Liberalism today?

Using the whiteboards and the markers... What are the main natural rights? Where do these rights come from? Explain your answer. Define the term Enlightenment. “Actions of the individual should should not harm others or curtail freedom, ” True/False Why should a liberal state be formed by popular consent? What is the link between Capitalism and Liberalism? Define the term Rationalism. Define the term Capitalism Compare laissez- faire economics with Keynesian economics. According to Marx, the Bourgeoisie spreads its ideology through ownership and control. True/False

Last Lesson we looked at Enlightenment, Liberty and Capitalism. Which of the following slides corresponds to each of the concepts we looked at last time?

This is a period in time that helped make Liberalism possible. Each person is born a free, rational individual. Individuals do not have to accept the judgement of rulers or established churches. Individuals are the best judge of their own interests. People are not fixed to a particular status in society. Individuals are free to find their own place in society. Everyone is born fundamentally equal. Locke rejects the idea of any form of government established without the expressed consent of the people. Rousseau – ‘Man is born free, but is everywhere in chains’. Chains refers to any restraint upon the exercise of an individual’s rights. Individuals become citizens with rights. Enlightenment, Liberty or Capitalism?

Liberalism became necessary to underpin the development of free-market capitalism. The development of this system meant that new social classes were emerging. This new dynamic system was characterised by rapid growth and freedom of the individual. Adam Smith – ‘Wealth of Nations’, individuals with ‘self interest’ would pursue their own self- interest. Hidden hand would regulate the economy as unregulated businesses would act in the business of all. Governments should be restricted to ensuring that all obey the law, and should avoid economic management. Laissez-faire – governing that interferes to a minimum extent in economic and social life. Forces of conservatism and the landed gentry opposed economic liberalism. Conservatism eventually lost the battle and Socialism/Marxism emerged.

Enlightenment, Liberty or Capitalism? American/French revolutions were inspired by a desire for freedom. Americas sought refuge from autocratic rule of British and the French overturned an old order to gain freedom from undemocratic institutions. Revolutionary Liberalism used the term freedom to escape from existing political authority and the establishment of a new government. Government by consent. Revolutionaries were more concerned about freedom from oppression and arbitrary rule rather than individual freedom. Freedom of the individual became a necessary companion of free-market capitalism. Freedom should not be exercised to the detriment of others in society. Freedom comes with social responsibility. American/French revolutions were inspired by a desire for freedom. Negative Liberty – freedom of the individual from external restraints Positive Liberty – maximising individual choices and opportunities.

We need to explore the various core values of Liberalism. The following activity will help you meet today’s objective. Task: You are take part in a carousel. Under your chairs I have put one of the core values of Liberalism. You need to summarise this core value and write it on the A3 piece of paper. We will then make a circle with 5 chairs on the outside and 4 chairs on the inside. You will then carousel around each other and explain the significance of each core value. Complete the A3 sheet.

Explain how the following images link to the different Core Values. Promotion of rights and freedoms Concept of tolerance Positive and negative liberty Equal rights Equality of Opportunity Pluralism Government by consent Limited government Justice A liberal constitution

1.4: Types of Liberalism  Student research and presentation task on: Early forms, Utilitarianism, Classical Liberalism, Variations on Classical Liberalism, Modern Liberalism, Major modern liberal principles and policies. Homework prepare a detailed and extended answer to the following question. Harkness Question: Why and how did Classical Liberalism become transformed into modern Liberalism? What do you already know about Liberalism? What have you learnt about Liberalism today? Next Lesson Reflect on your learning today. Red/Amber/Green. Set yourself a target. What do you have to do to improve your knowledge before next lesson?