Understanding wood cell wall structure, biopolymer interaction and composition for current products and new materials FP1105: WoodCellNet Start date: 01/07/2012 End date: 23 May 2016 Year: 2 Workshop No 3 Philip Turner Chair of the Action

2 Objectives To meet new people! Participate in discussions Get out of your comfort zone and explore ideas across disciplines Learn something new Contribute your ideas and suggestions

3 Background / Problem statement: The Forest Based Sector is challenged to develop a high value, bio-based materials industry. This Action aims to build a new knowledge base and capacity to support this. Objectives:  Improve our understanding of fundamental physical and biological processes that drive the assembly of structure and biopolymer composition within the wood cell wall.  Find new approaches to cell wall modeling to improve our understanding of cell wall characteristics.  Improve our understanding of how manufacturing processes impact on cell wall structure and composition and how this knowledge can be integrated with tree improvement and biotechnology research programs to support higher value products and processes  Use our understanding of self assembly processes combined with novel approaches to functionalisation of biopolymers to support the development of new materials.

4 Objectives supported through: Multidisciplinary workshops Coordinating, synergistic, collaborative research proposals STSM’s Training schools Publications Exchange of personnel Sharing access to specialist equipment.

FP1105 Action overview

6 Challenges Coordination of multidisciplinary proposals. Identifying appropriate postdoctoral research projects and hosts + proposal writing. Planning and promoting training schools to broadest possible audience Populate the Wiki page. Broadening access to specialist equipment

7 Use of COST Instruments Activity (No.)Year 1 MC/WG MeetingsMC meetings: 1 for the creation of the Action and 2 linked to workshops Core group meetings: (1 for development of Action strategy + 2 linked with workshops) WG Meetings 1 Task group meeting: 1 WG1 met in September 2013 STSMs5 Scheduled for this year (5 already approved and 2 notified). There is money for more STSM’s, the more the merrier! Training Schools1 (Physics in December 2013) Workshops or Conferences 3 to date (The forth is scheduled May 8 th -9 th 2014 in Coimbra) Joint PublicationsNone so far

Workshop’s information 1.Documents

Workshop’s information 2. Ongoing communication

Wikipedia

11 Reimbursement forms To be sent by post by the 23 rd of October to the following address: Edinburgh Napier University Zurine Hernandez (FPRI) Merchiston Campus 10 Colinton road EH10 5DT Edinburgh UK

12 Thank you to the workshop organisers in Trabzon

The surface of the primary wall illustrating the dendritic, fractal arrangement of the micro-fibrils

silver

Dendritic copper crystals

Frost

zinc

Fractal generated by DLA using diffusion equation instead of random walk. Quantum Diffusion-Limited Aggregation D.B. Johnson & G.Ordonez (2011)

Fractal (d = 1.45) generated by QDLA using Schrodinger equation. initial wave packet σ = 16. initial wave packet σ = 16.

Fractal (d = 1.91) generated by QDLA with initial wave packet σ = 1. Currently working on a theory of quantum thermodynamics to underpin this work

General Relativity 1916 Einstein’s theory based on Riemannian geometry. Gravity is a geometric distortion of space-time.

The time-dependent Schrödinger equation predicts that wavefunctions can form standing waves or "orbitals” (e.g. atomic orbitals). Ψ (Psi) is the wave function i is the imaginary unit (i 2 = −1) ħ is the reduced Planck constant (the quantum of angular momentum). is the Hamiltonian operator, (characterizes the total energy of the wavefunction) is the Hamiltonian operator, (characterizes the total energy of the wavefunction)

The wave function represents a fluid of fractal geodesics For a quantum particle (e.g. electron) For multiple particles (e.g. an atom) An assembly of atoms –Up to molecular assembly the size of a bucky ball we can see wave-particle behaviour –Larger assemblies such as a cat, multiple wave function interference prevents observable wave particle properties (decoherence) –In QDLA the fractal structure grows one molecule at a time in a moving wave front. The main body of the fractal structure becomes decoherent but the wave front remains coherent. However, underlying fractal structure of space can lead to macroscopic quantum potentials.

In the macroscopic schrodinger equation, the reduced planck constant ħ becomes a geometric property of the fractal space itself. When ħ = 2 mD we recover the standard form of the Schrodinger equation With D and m as variables we have a universal equation for motion at all scales

A 3D probability density distribution, which describes the tendency to form a cell wall structure.

Schrodinger process a model of duplication. The stationary solutions of the Schrodinger equation in a 3D harmonic oscillator potential take only discretized morphologies relating to the quantized value of the energy. The stationary solutions of the Schrodinger equation in a 3D harmonic oscillator potential take only discretized morphologies relating to the quantized value of the energy. The solutions of the time-dependent equation show that the system jumps from a one to two-object morphology. The solutions of the time-dependent equation show that the system jumps from a one to two-object morphology.

Model of branching / bifurcation. Successive solutions of the time-dependent 2D Schrodinger equation in an harmonic oscillator potential are plotted as isodensities. Successive solutions of the time-dependent 2D Schrodinger equation in an harmonic oscillator potential are plotted as isodensities. The energy varies from the fundamental level (n = 0) to the first excited level (n = 1), leading to bifurcation. The energy varies from the fundamental level (n = 0) to the first excited level (n = 1), leading to bifurcation.

Schrödinger flowers … Platycodon (campanulacea)!

Carbonate-silica (BaCO 3 -SiO 2 ) flower formation W.L. Noorduin et al. Science 340, 832 (2013)