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Enjoyment Scale of Presentation Managing Expectations

UL 1446 and Thermosets for Electric Motors and Transformers Predicting failure – Providing Safety

What is important to Electric Equipment? Electrical Mechanical Thermal Efficiency Transformers and Motors

Why does temperature matter?

Why Temperature Stability is a Factor

Insulation System Compatibility and Ratings Temperature rise above ambient (40)

 Mechanical Properties Excellent strength to weight ratio, High Impact Strength, Good Flexural modulus and Tensile Strength, Very High Compression Strength  Electrical Properties High dielectric strength, arc resistance, track resistance  Environmental and Corrosion Resistance Resistant to Harsh Chemicals  Flame Resistant and Non-Melting  Design Flexibility Parts Consolidation, Appearance, Complexity, Functions, Size  Aesthetics  Molded-in Color, Paint and Metalizing  Temperature Stability  Compatible in most UL EIS Why Specify Thermosets

UL 1446  Verifying that all components are chemically compatible and when used at a given long term operational temperature  2 Types/Choices  UL approved EIS for a specific motor or transformer  Database of insulation manufacturers that are available for adoption by an end user  Full Thermal Aging Test  Sealed Tube Test

U.L 1446 Systems of Insulating Materials  Class 120 or Higher  Low Voltage < 1000 volts – UL 1771 is higher voltage  Dominating aging factor is temperature  Covers substitutions in minor insulations  Specifies test procedures for wire coatings and varnishes

U.L 1446 Systems of Insulating Materials  It does not cover a single component or single combination of materials  Does not cover systems that operate in oils, refrigerants, soaps etc…

Major versus Minor Insulation Thermoset

Motorette or TransformeretteTesting  Construct Test Rigs  Heat Aging4 temperatures – Highest to lowest - Test at end of each cycle  Cold Shock-20 C  Mechanical Stress1-3 hours Vibration at 60 Hz  End of Life Test600 V phase to phase and phase to ground 120 V turn to turn 10 minutes Lowest test temperature shall result in geometric mean time (graphically) to end of life of at least 5000 hours Qualifies the Major Components

Sealed Tube Testing Developed to facilitate adding other products to the system without full testing  Twisted magnet wire pairs are loaded in to the tube then all the minor insulation samples  Dried for 1 hour at 221 F  Conditioned for 336 hours at temperature equal to the class rating of the system  Twisted pairs are then stressed electrically until breakdown  The results cannot be less than 50% of the original sample

Adopting the EIS The easiest and most cost-effective method for a manufacturer of electrical equipment to have their own EIS system designation is to adopt a previously evaluated EIS without any modifications Since it is not necessary to use all components of such an EIS the user could select an EIS containing all components needed.

Typical UL 1446 System

Minor Insulation – non direct contact with the conductor

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Electric Motors Cooling Fans Terminal Blocks and Covers Internal Parts – slot liners and top sticks

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