ISSBN, Electronic faculty of Niš, November Use of distortion power for side identification of the harmonic polution Dejan Stevanović, Electronic faculty of Niš Borisav Jovanović, Electronic faculty of Niš Predrag Petković, Electronic faculty of Niš

ISSBN, Electronic faculty of Niš, November Summary 1. Introduction 2.How harmonic distortion can affect to our equipment 3.Harmonics Pollution Sources Identification 4. The Definition of fundamental quantities 5. Function DSP block at IMPEG chips 6.Realization of circuit for identification nonlinear loads 7.Result of synthesis and simulation 8. Conclusions

ISSBN, Electronic faculty of Niš, November Introductions ac Electric Loads:  Loads that draw sinusoidal currents, i.e., the current waveform is the same as the voltage waveform, are defined as linear loads  Electric loads that draw nonsinusoidal currents, i.e., the current waveform differs from the voltage waveform, are defined as nonlinear loads  The magnitude and the frequency of the high frequency components is characteristic of the type of distorting load and can enable it to be identified  The distorting components flow through the power system and give addition high frequency voltage drops which modify the voltage waveform at all nearby customers

ISSBN, Electronic faculty of Niš, November How harmonic distortion can affect to our equipment  Equipment responds to harmonic differently depending on their method of operation.  Equipment respond to harmonic differently: – incandescent light, and most type household electrical heaters and stoves are not affect adversely at all – induction motor windings are overheated by harmonic, which reduce their life – Operation of same equipment depends of accurate voltage waveform and they can malfunction when harmonics are present  Also harmonic pollution can cause problems in the supply system: – distortion of current causes extra heating of transformers which reduces their life – distortion of voltage can cause overheating of dielectric of capacitors

ISSBN, Electronic faculty of Niš, November Harmonics Pollution Sources Identification  The IEEE Std. 519 and the IEC have proposed standard limits for harmonic currents and voltages generated by customers and utilities, in order to limit the amount of harmonics pollution present in a distribution system  These standards have been widely accepted in industry, so power systems are designed to operate within these limits  For correct identification nonlinear loads it is necessary to measuring the true RMS value rather than taking the fundamental peak value.

ISSBN, Electronic faculty of Niš, November The Definition of fundamental quantities  Instantaneous value for voltage and current when harmonic exist are given by following equation:  For a single-phase system where h is the harmonic number and H is the highest harmonic, RMS voltage and current, active, reactive, phase, apparent power is given by following equation: - active power - reactive power - phase power - apparent power - RMS voltage and current

ISSBN, Electronic faculty of Niš, November Function DSP block at IMPEG chips  DSP unit based on controller/datapath partition  DSP block work at MHz and with accuracy less than 0.1 % it calculates all parameters  DSP block gets samples of voltage, current and phase shifted voltage, and calculates following power line parameters: current and voltage RMS values Irms and Vrms, apparent S, active P and reactive Q power, power factor cos(φ), frequency f, reactive Eq and active Ea energy

ISSBN, Electronic faculty of Niš, November Realization of circuit for identification nonlinear loads  Several techniques have been proposed to identify the source of harmonics pollution however, some of these techniques are based on new concepts that still need thorough investigation before confirming their validity  The most common method for harmonic source detection is the Total Harmonic Power (THP) method: –If Ph > 0 then the source of harmonics is supply system –if Ph < 0 then the source of harmonics is customers  This paper suggest a new concept for harmonic source detection using Power Distortion

ISSBN, Electronic faculty of Niš, November Realization circuit for identification nonlinear loads  Power distortion :  The term power distortion was first time mentioned in 1927 by C. Budeanu  The circuit calculation power distortion one time at every second

ISSBN, Electronic faculty of Niš, November Results of Synthesis Active HDL RTL Compiler SoC Encounter Area of layout is 569 µm x 564µm. Name of block All circuit Multiply circuit Square circuit FSMRegisterAdd/Subtract Area

ISSBN, Electronic faculty of Niš, November Results of Simulation a)b)c)d)e) I RMS (A) V RMS (V) P(W) Q(VAR) U(VA) D(VAR) a) Typical current waveform and spectrum of Fluorescent lamp b) Typical current waveform and spectrum of adjustable-speed drivers (ASD) c) Typical current waveform and spectrum of IEEE 12 Pulse converter d) Waveform of power supply voltage and spectrum a) b) c) d)

ISSBN, Electronic faculty of Niš, November Conclution  Using the value for power distortion we can easily find the source of distortion  Advantages of this solution are: Small area Potential for identification of all source of harmonics The value of power distortion can be used to create new bill for customers which cause harmonic pollution of system

ISSBN, Electronic faculty of Niš, November Thank you for your attention