Electrical Safety and Compliance for the Condominium Manager Tracy Jastrow InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.

3 Things You Need to Know 1.Electrical Safety is EVERYONE’S RESPONSIBILITY 2.Electrical Safety is PREDICTABLE 3.Electrical Accidents are PREVENTABLE InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.

SAFETY - RELATED WORK PRACTICES Responsibility: Employer/Employee: Employer/Employee: The employer must communicate to workers the safety related work practices required and the employee must implement those work practices InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc. CSA Z WORKPLACE ELECTRICAL SAFETY

SAFETY - RELATED WORK PRACTICES Responsibility: Host Employer: Host Employer: The host employer must inform contract employers of any hazards related to the work being performed and share any information about their installation that the contract employer needs to make the required safety related assessments. The host employer is also responsible for reporting any worker violations to the contract employer. InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc. CSA Z WORKPLACE ELECTRICAL SAFETY

SAFETY - RELATED WORK PRACTICES Responsibility: Contract Employer: Contract Employer: The contract employer must ensure that any information about these hazards are relayed from the host employer to the their workers, and ensure that their workers follow the work practices required by the standards AND any safety related work rules required by the HOST employer. InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc. CSA Z WORKPLACE ELECTRICAL SAFETY

The contract employer shall advise the host employer of: (a) any unique hazards presented by the contract employer’s work; (b) any unanticipated hazards found during the contract employer’s work that the host employer did not mention; and (c) the measures the contractor took to correct any violations reported by the host employer under Clause and to prevent such violations from recurring. InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.

Proactive Safety Measures Infrared Inspections Arc Flash Study High Voltage/Substation Maintenance InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.

INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY

Beginnings of Electrical Fire 1600 Amp Bolt-Lock SwitchHigh Priority Fault Visible signs of burning across B and C phases due to arcing. Isolate and Replace all fuses InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.

Fuse Panels Improper load balance, poor connection, or bad fuses can cause overheating Improper load balance, poor connection, or bad fuses can cause overheating InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.

Starter InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.

Critical Fault Junction Box 14 th floor (spot temp = 149C) Heat migrating through bus riser Visible signs of melting plastic and metal InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.

Critical Fault Heat from Junction Box migrating thru Bus Riser 12 floor InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.

Main Breaker Fuse Barrels InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.

HVAC Motors Thermal Variance across Motor Windings Recommended to perform vibration analysis InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.

Return on Investment Typical costs to repair prior to failure : repair after failure 1:7 Predict and Prevent production down time Health and Safety – Tenants, Workers Energy savings and reduced carbon footprint InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.

Electrical Energy Savings When load demands more power than rating; excess power converted to heat A 40 degree delta on one 3-phase/30Amp transformer will result in a min. 13% rise in consumption MULTIPLY :Typical plant will save thousands yearly on energy alone InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.

Predictive to Preventive Predictive Maintenance (PdM) utilizes non- destructive testing methods to evaluate the working condition (while online) of various types of equipment and systems in order to predict the most cost-effective maintenance schedule Preventive maintenance (PM) scheduled, planned maintenance procedures are followed in order to keep equipment working efficiently and/or extend the life of equipment using both preventive and corrective (repair) measures. InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.

Electrical Preventive Maintenance Structure or Metal Clad Switchgear High Voltage, Air Circuit Breakers and Disconnect Switches High Voltage Relays High Voltage Power Transformers Low Voltage Circuit Breakers, Fused Disconnect Switches and Enclosures InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.

Low Voltage Preventive Maintenance Inspect, clean and lubricate all breakers, FDS and enclosures Inspect all for signs of overheating Inspect main arcing contacts and arc shutes Measure contact resistance Inspect, clean and test all tripping devices Verify associated meters (ground fault, voltmeter ammeter) Vacuum and clean breakers/switch compartment InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.

Transformer Preventive Maintenance Two 45 KVA open wound dry-type transformers InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.

Transformers 1: low-voltage bus 2: clamp bolts 3: high voltage bus 4: core 5: high voltage winding 6: tap 7: tap terminals 8: transformer base 9: lifting channels 10: lifting channels 11: air channel 12: high voltage winding conductors 13: low voltage conductors InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.

Transformer Failure Cause of Failures Electrical Disturbances29.43% Lightning17.32% Insulation Issues9.80% Electrical connections, loose or high resistance 7.38% Maintenance Issues5.91% Moisture4.03% Overload2.01% Sabotage2.01% Other1.24% The leading cause of transformer failures is “line disturbance”. This includes switching surges, voltage spikes, line faults/flashovers, and abnormalities but not lightning. *20 year study conducted by Hartford Steam Boiler Inspection and Insurance Co. InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.

Electrically Induced Factors Operation under transient or sustained over-voltage conditions Exposure to lightning surges or switching surges Partial Discharge (Corona) Video LinkVideo Link Static Electrification InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.

Flashover across glass “fog type” Insulators InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.

Mechanically Induced Factors Hoop buckling of the innermost winding (image) Conductor tipping Conductor telescoping Spiral tightening End-ring crushing Failure of the coil clamping system Displacement of incoming and outgoing leads InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.

Thermally Induced Factors Overloading of transformer beyond its capacity for extended periods Failure of cooling system, including blocking or fouling of radiators or coolers, failure of oil pumps and/or failure of a directed flow oil distribution system Blockage of axial oil duct spaces, limiting cooling oil distribution to windings Operating in an overexcited condition (over-voltage or under-frequency) Operation under excessive ambient temperature conditions InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.

Overloaded Transformer Arc Flash InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.

Arc Flash Safety InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc. Roles and Responsibility Cause of Arc Flash Electrical Systems Analysis Boundaries Personal Protective Equipment in relationship to Arc Flash Labeling of electrical equipment for Arc Flash Rating and PPE requirements

What is Arc Flash? InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.

What Causes Arc Flash? Dust and impurities Corrosion Condensation of water on insulating material Spark discharge Accidental touching, dropping tools Improperly maintained electrical meters Over-voltages across narrow gaps Failure to insulate material Improperly designed or utilized equipment Improper work procedures. human error InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.

Everyone is Responsible The Host Employer: Determine all possible sources of electrical supply to specific equipment Provide training in electrical and arc flash hazards and protection (PPE) Conduct an arc flash analysis of the work place Establish shock and arc flash protection boundaries Place appropriate warning labels on equipment InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.

Labelling

Protecting Workers IR Windows Every time a panel is open to live equipment there is a chance of arc flash due to unseen circumstances. IR windows allow workers and/or thermographers to inspect from outside the panel. InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.

Resources CSA, for Canadian Electrical Code, Arc Flash safety standards etc. visit Electrical Safety Authority, report an incident, find a licensed contractor Toronto Hydro, Enersource (Mississauga Hydro), OPA, Ontario Power Authority, InfraRed Imaging Solutions Inc.