10a PowerPoint ® Lecture Outlines prepared by Dr. Lana Zinger, QCC  CUNY Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. FOCUS ON Your Body Image

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. What Is Body Image?  The National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA) defines components of body image: How you picture yourself in your mind What you believe about your own appearance How you feel about your body, including your height, shape, and weight How you sense and control your body as you move How you feel in your body, not just about your body

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. What Is Body Image?  Negative Body Image A distorted perception of your shape, or feelings of discomfort, shame, or anxiety about your body  Positive Body Image A true perception of your appearance: You see yourself as you really are and you like yourself

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. What Is Body Image?  Many Factors Influence Body Image The Media and Popular Culture Underweight models and celebrities send the message that being thin is best Striving to achieve these thin standards often makes people ill A study of more than 4,000 television commercials revealed that more than one out of every four sends some sort of “attractiveness message”

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Is the Media’s Mania for Burly Men and Scrawny Women a New Phenomenon?

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. What Is Body Image? Family, Community, and Cultural Groups Parents are especially influential in body image development Interactions with siblings and other relatives, peers, teachers, coworkers, and other community members can also influence body image development Associations within one’s cultural group appear to influence body image Studies have found that European American females experience the highest rates of body dissatisfaction

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. What Is Body Image? Physiological and Psychological Factors Differences in the brain’s ability to regulate chemicals called neurotransmitters are seen in people with eating disorders. One study linked distortions in body image to a malfunctioning in the brain’s visual processing region that was revealed by MRI scanning.

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Body Image Continuum

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. What Is Body Image?  How Can I Build a More Positive Body Image? Bust these toxic myths pervasive in our society Myth 1: How you look is more important than who you are Myth 2: Anyone can be slender and attractive if they work at it Myth 3: Dieting is an effective weight-loss strategy Myth 4: Appearance is more important than health

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. What Is Body Image?  Ten Steps to a Positive Body Image 1.Appreciate all that your body can do 2.Keep a top-ten list of things you like about yourself 3.True beauty is not simply skin deep 4.Look at yourself as a whole person 5.Surround yourself with positive people 6.Shut down negative voices in your head 7.Wear comfortable clothes 8.Become a critical viewer of social and media messages 9.Do something nice for yourself 10.Do something to help others instead of worrying about food, calories, and your weight

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. What Is Body Image?  Some People Develop Body Image Disorders Social physique anxiety (SPA) The desire to “look good” is so strong that it has a destructive and sometimes disabling effect on the person’s ability to function effectively in relationships and interactions with others. Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) A psychological disorder characterized by an obsession with a minor or imagined flaw in appearance.

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. What Are Eating Disorders? Disordered eating—a pattern of atypical behaviors used to achieve or maintain a lower body weight. Chronic dieting, abuse of diet pills and laxatives, and self-induced vomiting Not a clinical diagnosis Eating disorder—A psychiatric disorder characterized by severe disturbances in body image and eating behaviors. Can only be diagnosed by a physician

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Eating Issues Continuum

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. What Are Eating Disorders?  Who’s at Risk? In the U.S, about 24 million people of all ages meet the established criteria Most common among those in their teens and twenties, although children as young as 6 have been diagnosed. In 2007, 3.8 percent of college students reported that they were dealing with either anorexia or bulimia. Obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, and anxiety all play a role Common among athletes Male sufferers are increasing, who currently represent up to 25 percent of anorexia and bulimia patients and almost 40 percent of binge eaters.

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. What Are Eating Disorders?  Anorexia Nervosa Involves Severe Food Restriction Self-starvation Intense fear of fat Causes are complex and variable Nearly 1 percent of adolescent girls meet the criteria for anorexia nervosa Highest death rate (20 percent) of any psychological illness

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. What Anorexia Nervosa Can Do to the Body

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. What Are Eating Disorders?  Bulimia Nervosa Involves Bingeing and Purging Binge and then take inappropriate measures to lose calories (purge) Up to 3 percent of adolescent and young females are bulimic Often at normal weight or overweight Caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. What Bulimia Nervosa Can Do to the Body

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. What Are Eating Disorders?  Some Eating Disorders Are Not Easily Classified Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS) Patients with EDNOS are the highest treatment seeking population Represents 40 to 75 percent of individuals with eating disorders Binge-Eating Disorder Often clinically obese Characterized by eating large amounts of food rapidly and feeling guilty or depressed after overeating

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. What Are Eating Disorders?  Eating Disorders Can Be Treated Goal is to stabilize the patient’s life Long-term therapy Multidimensional approach

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. What Are Eating Disorders?  How Can You Help Someone You Suspect Has an Eating Disorder? Learn as much as possible about eating disorders Set up a time to meet and share your concerns Provide examples of why you think there might be a problem Avoid conflicts or a battle of wills with this person Never nag, plead, beg, bribe, threaten, or manipulate Don’t talk about how thin the person is or focus on weight, diets, or exercise Offer to go along to counseling Use “I” statements Stay calm and realize your own limitations

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. What Are Exercise Disorders?  Exercise Can Become a Compulsion Characterized not by a desire to exercise but a compulsion to do so A person may struggle with guilt and anxiety if they don’t work out Injuries to joints, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, broken bones, and stress on the heart Often plagued by anxiety and/or depression

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. What Are Exercise Disorders?  Muscle Dysmorphia Is a Body Image and Exercise Disorder When a man believes that one’s body is insufficiently lean or muscular Behaviors include comparing oneself unfavorably to others, frequently checking one’s appearance in the mirror, and camouflaging one’s appearance Individuals suffering from muscle dysmorphia have a higher rate of substance abuse (including steroid abuse), and higher risk of suicide than those without the disorder

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. What Are Exercise Disorders?  The Female Athlete Triad Involves Three Interrelated Disorders Low energy intake, typically prompted by disordered eating behaviors Menstrual dysfunction such as amenorrhea Poor bone density