Dan. 1-6: Stories of Daniel and friends in exile Dan. 7-12: Apocalyptic visions Book of Daniel.

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Presentation transcript:

Dan. 1-6: Stories of Daniel and friends in exile Dan. 7-12: Apocalyptic visions Book of Daniel

apokalypsis = “revealing” or “unveiling” eschatology = what will happen at end of life or world age Types of apocalypse: Otherworld journey Historical apocalypse

Features of Apocalyptic Literature 1. Revelation: through vision or dream, otherworld journey or instruction from divine being 2. Symbolism: meaning concealed unless symbols are understood

Features of Apocalyptic Literature 3. Determinism: the course of the future is set 4. Expectation of imminent end: in historical apocalypses. Flaw of apocalyptic writing 5. Pseudonymity: being written under a false name. Daniel did not write this

Features of Apocalyptic Literature 6. Vaticinium ex eventu: “prophecy after the fact.” Common in historical apocalypses. Review of history up to author’s time followed by predictions. Helps in dating 7. Social Setting: appears among those dissatisfied with current state of world. Source of dissatisfaction not always apparent

Book of Daniel dates from c. 165 BC BC Alexander the Great (r ) ousts Persians from Holy Land, promotes Hellenistic culture. Soon after Jews of Egypt produce Septuagint BC Ptolemies rule Holy Land

198 BC Seleucids take control of Holy Land BC Reign of Antiochus IV Epiphanes 167 BC Antiochus plunders temple, commits “abomination of desolation” 166 BC Jewish revolt led by Mattathias, then son Judas Maccabeus (“the Hammerer”) 164 BC Judas garrisons Jerusalem, re-dedicates temple (origin of Hanukkah)

Stories reflecting real persecutions (e.g. Dan. 1: 8-10) Meaning of real courage (Dan. 3: 16-18) Nebuchadnezzar’s dream (Dan. 2) elaborated on in Dan. 7 ff. God’s chosen people: stone uncut by human hands (Dan. 2: 45) or human being/ “one like a son of man” (Dan. 7: 13-14)

Outline of Seleucid history and future events (Dan ) Maccabean revolt? (Dan. 11: 34) Deliverance: angel Michael as patron of Jews (Dan. 12: 1) First clear expression of resurrection/afterlife belief (Dan. 12: 2)