Great Lakes Monitoring Inventory and Gap Analysis: Recommendations for Addressing Shortfalls and Improving Monitoring Coordination in the Great Lakes Basin Anne Sturm Great Lakes Commission Great Lakes Regional Data Exchange April 5, 2006

2 Why was the Great Lakes Monitoring Inventory developed? Need was identified for a comprehensive database of monitoring program metadata Need was identified for a comprehensive database of monitoring program metadata Previous monitoring inventories developed by the Great Lakes Commission and others established the framework for this project Previous monitoring inventories developed by the Great Lakes Commission and others established the framework for this project Commission was approached to expand monitoring inventory projects to the entire Great Lakes Commission was approached to expand monitoring inventory projects to the entire Great Lakes

3 What is the Great Lakes Monitoring Inventory? A comprehensive inventory of monitoring programs for the Great Lakes basin A comprehensive inventory of monitoring programs for the Great Lakes basin Actively collected program metadata Actively collected program metadata Geographic database Geographic database Fully searchable online database Fully searchable online database An analysis of gaps and overlaps in monitoring and associated recommendations for improving monitoring coverage and coordination An analysis of gaps and overlaps in monitoring and associated recommendations for improving monitoring coverage and coordination

4 Relationship to Similar Regional Efforts Grant awarded to the Commission by the Joyce Foundation and EPA GLNPO in Spring 2002 Grant awarded to the Commission by the Joyce Foundation and EPA GLNPO in Spring 2002 Binational Executive Committee (BEC) began development of similar monitoring inventory concurrently Binational Executive Committee (BEC) began development of similar monitoring inventory concurrently Scope of projects differed so each progressed independently Scope of projects differed so each progressed independently Duplication of effort minimized by sequenced data collection and data sharing Duplication of effort minimized by sequenced data collection and data sharing

5 Monitoring Inventory Methodology Target Programs Target Programs Active monitoring programs focusing on water, air, biota, sediment, or land Active monitoring programs focusing on water, air, biota, sediment, or land Program Metadata – including 50 fields Program Metadata – including 50 fields Contact information, program description, parameters, geographic elements, methods, funding information, links to data location Contact information, program description, parameters, geographic elements, methods, funding information, links to data location

6 Program Metadata Collection Previous inventory efforts (e.g. Lake Michigan, Lake St. Clair, Lake Ontario) Previous inventory efforts (e.g. Lake Michigan, Lake St. Clair, Lake Ontario) Online survey Online survey and phone correspondence and phone correspondence Web searches for missing information Web searches for missing information Information collected through BEC inventory Information collected through BEC inventory Monitoring inventory circulated throughout monitoring community Monitoring inventory circulated throughout monitoring community Issue area conference calls Issue area conference calls

7 Monitoring Inventory Results > 640 programs with extensive metadata > 640 programs with extensive metadata Majority of the monitoring programs taking place at the state/provincial level Majority of the monitoring programs taking place at the state/provincial level

8 Distribution of Sampling Programs by Agency

9 Distribution of Sampling Programs by Lake

10 Water Quality Monitoring Programs by Lake

11 Monitoring Inventory Limitations US programs make up >80% of inventory entries US programs make up >80% of inventory entries Commission relied on BEC inventory for Canadian program information Commission relied on BEC inventory for Canadian program information More detailed information is needed on Canadian monitoring efforts More detailed information is needed on Canadian monitoring efforts To address shortfall, products circulated widely to US and Canadian agencies for review To address shortfall, products circulated widely to US and Canadian agencies for review All invited to participate on issue area conference calls to clarify analysis All invited to participate on issue area conference calls to clarify analysis

12 Searchable Online Database Fully searchable monitoring program metadata Fully searchable monitoring program metadata Searchable GIS mapping tool (in development) Searchable GIS mapping tool (in development) GIS layers of sampling station locations associated with monitoring programs GIS layers of sampling station locations associated with monitoring programs Linked to program metadata Linked to program metadata

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19 Gap Analysis Methodology Developed Needs Assessment using SOLEC indicators as the foundation Developed Needs Assessment using SOLEC indicators as the foundation 21 needs categories identified 21 needs categories identified Gaps and overlaps in monitoring efforts assessed by comparing monitoring inventory results to needs assessment Gaps and overlaps in monitoring efforts assessed by comparing monitoring inventory results to needs assessment Monitoring program characteristics were compared to the purpose and intent of SOLEC indicators Monitoring program characteristics were compared to the purpose and intent of SOLEC indicators

20 Gap Analysis Methodology (cont.) Gap analysis document circulated for review throughout the monitoring community Gap analysis document circulated for review throughout the monitoring community To insure a comprehensive review, issue area conference calls held to review gap analysis To insure a comprehensive review, issue area conference calls held to review gap analysis > 50 participants on calls and more comments via > 50 participants on calls and more comments via

21 Monitoring Categories Fish Consumption Fish Consumption Drinking Water Drinking Water Beach Safety Beach Safety Air Monitoring Air Monitoring Water Quality Water Quality Sediment Quality Sediment Quality Soil Soil Groundwater Groundwater Climate/Weather Climate/Weather Fish Population Health Fish Population Health Urban Issues Urban Issues Aquatic Invasive Species Aquatic Invasive Species Coastal Wetlands Coastal Wetlands Wildlife Ecology Wildlife Ecology Benthic and Invertebrate Ecology Benthic and Invertebrate Ecology Plant Ecology Plant Ecology Habitat and Community Habitat and Community Atmospheric Deposition Atmospheric Deposition Nutrient Management Nutrient Management Land Use Land Use Erosion Erosion

22 Observations and Recommendations: Climate/Weather Much weather related data from land-based stations Much weather related data from land-based stations 47 marine buoys, but not as widespread as land-based stations 47 marine buoys, but not as widespread as land-based stations Differences in spatial coverage may lead to accuracy differences between land and marine temperature models Differences in spatial coverage may lead to accuracy differences between land and marine temperature models

23 Observations and Recommendations: Sediment Monitoring Considerable issue-driven sediment sampling Considerable issue-driven sediment sampling More baseline sediment monitoring may be needed More baseline sediment monitoring may be needed Little guidance on baseline sampling for nearshore or open waters Little guidance on baseline sampling for nearshore or open waters

24 Observations and Recommendations: Fish Consumption US EPA measures contaminants through skin-on dorsal fillets, but the Ontario Sport Fish Contaminant Monitoring Program tests contaminants in skin-off dorsal fillets. US EPA measures contaminants through skin-on dorsal fillets, but the Ontario Sport Fish Contaminant Monitoring Program tests contaminants in skin-off dorsal fillets. The Ontario program includes both dioxin and dioxin-like PCB contaminant levels for fish consumption restrictions; EPA relies solely on dioxin-like PCB analysis. The Ontario program includes both dioxin and dioxin-like PCB contaminant levels for fish consumption restrictions; EPA relies solely on dioxin-like PCB analysis. These discrepancies in analysis methods could limit usefulness for a Great Lakes basinwide evaluation. These discrepancies in analysis methods could limit usefulness for a Great Lakes basinwide evaluation.

25 Observations and Recommendations: Water Quality Monitoring Allocate financial resources based on current monitoring needs rather than previously set limits Allocate financial resources based on current monitoring needs rather than previously set limits Consider if the benefits of monitoring the toxic chemical concentrations in water is worth the added expense when similar data are collected in sediments and fish Consider if the benefits of monitoring the toxic chemical concentrations in water is worth the added expense when similar data are collected in sediments and fish

26 Monitoring Community Recommendations Recommendations based on: Recommendations based on: Findings from the Gap Analysis Findings from the Gap Analysis Monitoring inventory results Monitoring inventory results Feedback from monitoring community Feedback from monitoring community

27 Monitoring Community Recommendations Encourage regular discussions among individuals managing similar monitoring programs Encourage regular discussions among individuals managing similar monitoring programs Monitoring programs need to be assessed for compatibility Monitoring programs need to be assessed for compatibility Form coordinating bodies to organize monitoring efforts in each main issue area Form coordinating bodies to organize monitoring efforts in each main issue area

28 Monitoring Community Recommendations (cont.) Federal and state monitoring directives and mandates should more carefully look at regional basinwide monitoring needs Federal and state monitoring directives and mandates should more carefully look at regional basinwide monitoring needs Evaluate monitoring needs, costs, and current regulations prior to establishing funding levels Evaluate monitoring needs, costs, and current regulations prior to establishing funding levels The monitoring inventory should be used by the SOLEC indicator working groups as a resource for information on monitoring efforts currently taking place in the region. The monitoring inventory should be used by the SOLEC indicator working groups as a resource for information on monitoring efforts currently taking place in the region.

29 Monitoring Inventory Improvements More detailed information is needed on monitoring efforts in the Canadian portion of the Great Lakes basin. More detailed information is needed on monitoring efforts in the Canadian portion of the Great Lakes basin. The completeness and accuracy of monitoring inventory needs to be regularly evaluated by the Great Lakes monitoring community. The completeness and accuracy of monitoring inventory needs to be regularly evaluated by the Great Lakes monitoring community. More information on specific monitoring locations is needed. More information on specific monitoring locations is needed.

30 Monitoring Inventory Improvements (cont.) More information is needed on the funding sources that support monitoring programs. More information is needed on the funding sources that support monitoring programs. Program descriptive information needs to be expanded. Program descriptive information needs to be expanded.

31 Future Maintenance Limited support for maintenance of stand-alone inventory Limited support for maintenance of stand-alone inventory Incorporate within a broader geospatial framework through GLOS Incorporate within a broader geospatial framework through GLOS Distributed network of observation and monitoring efforts Distributed network of observation and monitoring efforts Coordinate and integrate with BEC inventory? Coordinate and integrate with BEC inventory?

32 Next Steps Disseminate findings to the monitoring community, resource managers, and federal and state legislators Disseminate findings to the monitoring community, resource managers, and federal and state legislators Legislative briefing Legislative briefing Brochures Brochures Website Website Complete GIS portion of the web search database Complete GIS portion of the web search database Determine future integration with BEC inventory Determine future integration with BEC inventory Integrate findings into the GLOS initiative to enhance coordination and collaboration possibilities Integrate findings into the GLOS initiative to enhance coordination and collaboration possibilities

33 Contact: Great Lakes Commission Anne Sturm QUESTIONS?