Data Landscapes neuinfo.org Anita Bandrowski, Ph. D. University of California, San Diego

Overview Brief overview of NIF philosophy Examples of data about addiction Why you should never use google to answer any scientific question How can we make google better?

Power! How many subject/patients do we need to be relatively certain that we are correct? More than you can afford? If YFGM gave each of you 1B dollars, would that solve the problem? But, what if: – Big data from small data?

Addiction is a large problem

Solving the large problems of science? Observation Experimentation Modeling Cooperative data intensive science

A SHARED UNDERSTANDING OF THE GENETICS OF ADDICTION, HOW CAN EVERYONE PLAY?

NIF is an initiative of the NIH Blueprint consortium of institutes NIF is an initiative of the NIH Blueprint consortium of institutes – What types of resources (data, tools, materials, services) are available to the neuroscience community? – How many are there? – What domains do they cover? What domains do they not cover? – Where are they? Web sites Web sites Databases Databases Literature Literature Supplementary material Supplementary material – Who uses them? – Who creates them? – How can we find them? – How can we make them better in the future? PDF files PDF files Desk drawers Desk drawers

NIF: A New Type of Entity for New Modes of Scientific Dissemination NIF’s mission is to maximize the awareness of, access to and utility of digital resources produced worldwide to enable better science and promote efficient use – NIF unites neuroscience information without respect to domain, funding agency, institute or community – NIF is a library for scholarly output that is a web enabled resource and not a paper – Aggregates all the different databases, tools and resources now produced by the scientific community – Makes them searchable from a single interface – A practical approach to the data deluge – Educate neuroscientists and students about effective data sharing

Surveying the resource landscape NIF resource registry: listing of > 6000 databases, tools, materials, services, websites (> 2500 databases)

NIF data federation: Pub Med Central for data NIF was designed to accommodate the multiplicity of heterogeneous and distributed data resources, providing deep query of the contents and unified views  200 sources  > 360 M records  200 sources  > 360 M records

NIF Semantic Framework: NIFSTD ontology NIF covers multiple structural scales and domains of relevance to neuroscience Aggregate of community ontologies with some extensions for neuroscience, e.g., Gene Ontology, Chebi, Protein Ontology NIFSTD Organism NS Function Molecule Investigation Subcellular structure Macromolecule Gene Molecule Descriptors Techniques Reagent Protocols Cell Resource Instrument Dysfunction Quality Anatomical Structure Ontologies provide the universals for integrating across disparate data by linking them to human knowledge models

Neurolex: Machine-processable concepts for neuroscience Machine-processable lexical units Connected via relationships Identified by a unique identifier (URL) Computable index for neuroscience Framework for linking knowledge, claims and data Built using a semantic wiki

NIF Analytics: The Neuroscience Landscape Ontologies provide a semantic framework for understanding data/resource landscape Where are the data? Striatum Hypothalamus Olfactory bulb Cerebral cortex Brain Brain region Data source Vadim Astakhov, Kepler Workflow Engine

A data homunculus?

Genetics of addiction? Gene Protein Subcellular components Cells Cell microcircuits Cell macrocircuits Networks Brain regions PNS Whole organism Behaving organism (environment) Networks of organisms Populations

Genetics of addiction? Gene Protein Subcellular components Cells Cell microcircuits Cell macrocircuits Networks Brain regions PNS Whole organism Behaving organism (environment) Networks of organisms Populations

Genetics of addiction? Addiction is a disease of subpopulations of humans who take sociologically undesirable drugs or sociologically desirable drugs at undesirable concentrations Drug is a molecule that does not exist in the body, an environmental factor Drugs are metabolized by the digestive system and act after crossing the BBB Drugs modify the activity of existing proteins on vastly different time scales Drugs modify behaviors that depend on the actions of an orchestra of neurons acting within circuits that all have a purpose that is not to take drugs

The ecosystem is diverse and messy (and that’s OK) NIF favors a hybrid, tiered, federated system Domain knowledge – Ontologies Claims and observations – Virtuoso RDF triples Data – Data federation – Spatial data – Workflows Narrative – Full text access Neuron Brain part Disease Organism Gene Caudate projects to Snpc Grm1 is upregulated in chronic cocaine Betz cells degenerate in ALS Data Knowledge

Wish list: Cooperative science A mission that will engage the entire neuroscience community and beyond An active community contribution model where everyone is expected to contribute their outputs, not just a selected few – Diverse contributions are tracked and recognized – Spatial-semantic-genetic-temporal frameworks make data discoverable-usable-integratable and help fill in the gaps A platform that moves neuroscience into the web – Networking data, knowledge, tools, models, efforts, people, compute resources, simulation – Supports digital research objects as first order contributions, not just narrative – Works through and with existing platforms to improve them where possible Cooperative system: “...individual components that appear to be “selfish” and independent work together to create a highly complex, greater-than-the-sum-of-its-parts system.”

20 neurolex.org INCF Community encyclopedia Standardize vocabulary Define all vocabulary, terms, protocols, brain structures, diseases, etc Living review articles Build and maintain working ontologiesLinks to data, models and literature Semantic organization, search, analysis and integration Global directory of all shared vocabularies, CDEs, etc Slide courtesy of Sean Hill

Community Platforms: Researchers-tools-data-computing