Laser Technique Assessment in GIS Data Acquisition Technical Assessment For POEC 6383 Tianyou Chen Rui Ge 5/20/2015

Tasks Acquire Laser mapping equipment for GIS spatial data acquisition: Utility mapping (power poles, water valve, gas pipe, water pipe, etc) Construction (ask for higher accuracy) Digital geology mapping (geologic features)

Laser Mapping – Why It is Needed  Laser + GPS = fast 3D spatial data acquisition  Mapping the inaccessible area  More efficient and cost effective

Technical Basics  Distance measure + Angle (H & V) measure  Using NIR / Red Laser (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) pulse for distance measure  Using magnetic compass or encoder for angle measurement Emitter Receiver Laser Instrument Distance Distance = C x T / 2 C – speed of light T – time

Technical Assessment Standards  Accuracy  Distance  Angle (horizontal & vertical)  Function  Support Reflectorless  Motorized  Autotrack (high- caliber)  Continuous mode  Remote control (high-caliber)  Ease of use  GPS integration  External interface  Display  Laser Plummet (high- caliber)  Cost  Performance  Measurement Time  Measurement Range

Technology Assessment Focus  Low Caliber (lower accuracy)  Advantage Laser Range Finder from Laser Atlanta  LaserAce / ALS series from MDL  High Caliber (high-accuracy)  GTS-800 and GPT-2000 series from Topcon  TCRA1100 series from Leica

Advantage V.S. LaserAce/ALS Laser Atlanta Advantage MDL LaserAce / ALS AccuracyDistance±15.3 cmTypically 10 cmTypically 5 cm Angle±0.01°(en) both H & V; H:±1°;V:±0.4° w/o en H(encoder):0.2°; V: 0.3°; Better ±1° w/o encoder; H & V(en):0.02° PerformanceRange2-610m w/o reflector; m w/ reflector 300m w/o reflector; 5,000m w/ refelctor 300 (DM)/600(RF) w/o 5km (DM)/10km(RF) w/ Time0.34 sec0.3 sec0.5s(DM)/self-adp(RF) FunctionReflectorless?yesYesyes Motorized?noNoyes Cont. Modeyes Ease of Use Ext. InterfaceRS232 to PC GPS integrationYes(plug & play)No DisplayHUD+ LCDLCD Cost$4000 -$6000$4,300 – $5,525$21,000 - $27,720

Analysis for low caliber equipment Advantage is better than LaserAce in: Range (600m) Angle accuracy (0.01°) HUD display GPS integration LaserAce is within the same price range as Advantage and a little better in distance accuracy (10 cm to 15 cm) but inferior in: Range (300m) Angle accuracy (0.2°) MDL Quarryman is superior of all but: very specialized and expensive and less portable

Suggestion for Low caliber Laser equipment For general purpose laser mapping, choose Advantage because of the above superiorities over LaserAce within a reasonable price

Topcon vs. Leica (total Station) TopconLeica GTS800GTS800AGPT2003GPT2005gpt2009TCRA1101TCRA1102TCRA1103TCRA1105 Accuracy Distance 2mm + 2ppm 5mm + 2ppm (without reflector) 3mm + 2ppm (with reflector) 3mm + 2ppm (without reflector) 2mm + 2ppm (with reflector) angle H1”; V: 1”3”5”9” 1.5'' 2”3”5” Performa nce Range2,000m (1 prism) 2,600m (3 prism) 3-150m(np); 7,000m(p) 3-100m 4,000m Range* Time 2sec 1.2s (fine); 0.5s (coarse); 0.3 (tracking ) 3 s ( without reflector up to 30m) 1 s (with reflector) Function reflectorless NoYes motorized YesNoYes Cont. mode Yes autotracking YesNoYes Remote control yesNoYes Ease of use External interface RS232 GPS integration No NO display LCD Laser plummet Yes Cost $13,000$28,000$9,800$7,500$5,500 $31,660$30,910$29,410$26,410

Analysis GTS800 series is superior in accuracy and in other aspects but: Do not support reflectorless Expensive GPT2000 series Supports reflectorless mode Quick measuring time and Reflectorless tracking mode Cheaper Leica TCRA1100 series All in one with Very expensive

Suggestions GPT2003 will be a good choice for doing high accuracy general purpose mapping because of its support for both prism and non-prism mode with a reasonable price

Conclusions For low accuracy, Advantage laser range finder from Laser Atlanta is a choice for its better performance (600m range) and higher accuracy(0.01°) For high accuracy, Topcon GTP2003 is selected for its support for reflectorless mode and tracking mode, and cheaper price

References End

Company Briefs Laser Atlanta Optics, Inc., Norcross, GA USA, has been designing and manufacturing eye-safe laser-based distance and speed measuring systems since Currently manufacture a product line based on a core technology called the Advantage. All of its rangefinder products are based on this proven design. Measurement Devices Ltd. (MDL) is a leading designer, manufacturer and supplier of laser measurement systems. MDL is committed to preserving a quality system throughout all levels of our business, as well as providing consistent, high standards of customer service.

Company Briefs (cont.) Topcon America Corporation (TAC), based in Paramus, NJ, is the wholly-owned American subsidiary of Topcon Corporation, the world’s leading manufacturer of surveying, ophthalmic, GPS and industrial instruments and positioning control products for the civil engineering and construction industries. Leica Geosystems is a globally active surveying and geomatics technology group. It provides modern systems for high- accurate 3D data capturing, visualisation and modelling of space-related data. Headquarters are in Heerbrugg, Switzerland, with further research, development and production facilities are located in Unterentfelden, Switzerland, in America (Atlanta, Grand Rapids, Oakland, San Diego, Torrance) and in Asia (Singapore).Heerbrugg, Switzerland

Advantage From Laser Atlanta Physicals 905 nm class I eye safe laser 11.5Hx21.5Wx19Lcm 4.5 lbs(2.1kg) Handle batteries

LaserAce From MDL Physical GaAs Laser Diode 905nm Class I eye Safe 175x106x55 mm (LxWxH) 600g Alignment Telescope: red dot Compass(option) Pocket PC (option) Physical Semi-conductor 905 nm Class I eye safe 209 x 243 x 420mm (LxWxH) 9.7kg /10.3 kg (w/ tribrach) Optical encoder Laptop/palm/desk top PC

Topcon: Pulse Total Station GPT-2000 series  Using pulse laser technology  Support both prism/non-prism mode  High accuracy:  Millimeter accuracy in distance measurement (5mm+2ppm xD in non prism mode; 3mm+2ppmxD in prism mode)  1”/ 5” (H & V) angle measurement accuracy  Fast data acquisition:  0.3 sec tacking mode  1.2 second fine mode  Long range:  Prism: 7,000m  Non prism: 150m  All weather operation: water /dust proof  Large data storage: 8000 points  Laser plummet

Total Station GTS-800/800A series from Topcon  Motorized & automatic tracking – high speed rotation (up to 50º /sec) and high speed auto-tracking (up to 5º /sec)  Remote control through radio link or optical remote controller – enables one man operation  Flexible data management: Huge data storage – 2Mb memory plus PCMCIA card, space for data and software  User friendly  Large graphic display  Built-in MS-DOS OS  Compact and light weight  Water / dust resistant  Handheld data collector  TDS Survey Pro software allows more functions: job classification, stake out, etc.

 Motorized, automatic target recognition, reflectorless and remote control  Accuracy:  Angle measurement: from 1.5” to 5”  Distance measurement: 3mm+2ppm w/o reflector; 2mm+2ppm w/ reflector  Range: 200m (w/o reflector) to 7.5 km (w/reflector)  Time  1sec w/ reflector  3 sec w/o reflector  Data storage: PCMCIA card or export via RS232  Software supports:  computations of area, height, tie distance etc.  stake outs  Exchange data between instrument and PC  Create code list Leica TCRA1100 series Total Station

Laser Plummet

GPT2000 series Display

Leica TCRA1100 series Range Range-Reflector 3 km (circular prism) 1.5 km (360 degree prism) Reflectorless - standard range 80m (without reflector) 5 km (circular prism) Reflectorless - eXtended Range 200m (without reflector) 7.5 km (circular prism)

GTS800A Series

External Interface The external interface provides a way for the instrument to communicate with a PC, a laptop, a palm or a data logger. All the models here have this ability