Jeff Johansen, Kevin Zack SRJC Spring 2011 Physics 43

First time it was theorized Theodor Hansch and Arthur Schawlow theorized laser cooling at Stanford University in Theodor Hansch and Arthur Schawlow theorized laser cooling at Stanford University in Theodor Hansch Arthur Schawlow

First Successful Test In 1985 Steven Chu invents laser cooling and receives a Nobel Prize in In 1985 Steven Chu invents laser cooling and receives a Nobel Prize in Prof. Dr. William Daniel Phillips (USA) and Claude Cohen- Tannoudji (France) shared the Nobel prize with Steven Chu. 2 Prof. Dr. William Daniel Phillips (USA) and Claude Cohen- Tannoudji (France) shared the Nobel prize with Steven Chu. 2 Steven Chu Prof. Dr. William Daniel Phillips Claude Cohen- Tannoudji

Theoretical Atomic Resonance Atomic Resonance Doppler Shift – Atom only “sees” the blue shift Δm-1 transition Doppler Shift – Atom only “sees” the blue shift Δm-1 transition Zeeman Effect Zeeman Effect Polarization Polarization Magneto Optical Trap Magneto Optical Trap

Optics Optical Isolator Dielectric coated mirrors Beam Splitter ¼ λ Plate Two lens telescope

Set Up Kelvin [5]

Lasers Trapping laser Trapping laser Diode Laser Diode Laser Its power requirements are proportional to the amount of atoms trapped, around 5mW Its power requirements are proportional to the amount of atoms trapped, around 5mW Hyperfine pumping laser Hyperfine pumping laser Diode Laser Diode Laser Only needs to be a few milli-watts Only needs to be a few milli-watts λ based on the type of atom trapped λ based on the type of atom trapped

Equipment Tunable Laser Anti-Helmholtz Coil Zeeman Slower

Murray, Andrew [3] The Cooling Process

What types of atoms are used? Rb (Rubidium ) atom has an atomic resonance of 780 nm. Rb (Rubidium ) atom has an atomic resonance of 780 nm. Cs (Cesium ) atom has an atomic resonance of 852nm. Cs (Cesium ) atom has an atomic resonance of 852nm. Na (sodium ) atom has an atomic resonance of 589 nm. Na (sodium ) atom has an atomic resonance of 589 nm. Srinivasan [6]

Works Cited [1] "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997". Nobelprize.org. 16 Apr [1] "The Nobel Prize in Physics 1997". Nobelprize.org. 16 Apr [2] "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2001". Nobelprize.org. 16 Apr [2] "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2001". Nobelprize.org. 16 Apr [3] Murray, Andrew. "The Atom Optics Experiment at Manchester." Atom Cooling and Trapping Experiments at Manchester. 12 Jan Web. 15 Apr [3] Murray, Andrew. "The Atom Optics Experiment at Manchester." Atom Cooling and Trapping Experiments at Manchester. 12 Jan Web. 15 Apr [4] Ketterle, Wolfgang. "Ultralow Temperatures." 1 Jan Web. 15 Apr [4] Ketterle, Wolfgang. "Ultralow Temperatures." 1 Jan Web. 15 Apr [5] Wagner, Kelvin. "Laser Cooling and Trapping." Web. 15 Apr [5] Wagner, Kelvin. "Laser Cooling and Trapping." Web. 15 Apr [6] Srinivasan, R. "Laser Cooling and Trapping of Ions and Atoms." National University of Singapore. Web. 19 Apr [6] Srinivasan, R. "Laser Cooling and Trapping of Ions and Atoms." National University of Singapore. Web. 19 Apr