Generation of short pulses Jörgen Larsson, Fysiska Instutionen Lunds Tekniska Högskola.

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Presentation transcript:

Generation of short pulses Jörgen Larsson, Fysiska Instutionen Lunds Tekniska Högskola

Generation of short pulses Cavity modes Locked cavity modes Time-bandwidth product Active mode-locking Acousto-optic modulation Passive modelocking Hybrid modelocking techniques Kerr lens modelocking SESAM Synchrnously pumped dye lasers Distributed feedback lasers Fiber lasers Short-pulse accelerator sources Group velocity dispersion Group velocity dispersion compensation Prism compressor Chirped mirrors

Representation of short pulses Gaussian pulses Carrier EnvelopeAmplitude Frequency

Representing ”chirp”

Group velocity dispersion

Modes in a cavity Gain profile (Gain) bandwidth Mode spacing

Fresnel diagrams

Time-bandwidth product

Time-bandwidth product- How short pulses can we get? FWHM of the intensity in the temporal domain

Time-bandwidth product- How short pulses can we get? FWHM of the intensity in the spectral domain Next we determine the width in the spectral plane

Time-bandwidth product- How short pulses can we get? Now lets calculate the time-bandwidth product for a gaussian (unchirped) pulse If the pulse is chirped it is wider in the temporal domain

Time-bandwidth product- How short pulses can we get? Task for the interested student: A Ti:Sapphire laser operating at 800 nm has a 120 nm FWHM spectrum. What is the shortest pulse we can get from this laser?

Classes of methods for modelocking Active modelocking: From an active component in the cavity (typically an optic modulator driven by an RF-frequency) Passive Modelocking From a passive component in the cavity (Saturable absorber, kerr lens......)

Active modelocking Acousto-optic modulation

Generation of sidebands in an AOM Optical wave Acoustic wave Optical wave in presence of acoustic wave

Generation of sidebands in an AOM (travelling wave) If a<<1 Euler’s formulae

Generation of sidebands in an AOM (travelling wave-strong Rf- field)

Generation of sidebands in an AOM (standing wave) If a<<1 Euler’s formulae

Active modelocking Fig 3.7

Active modelocking Fig 3.8

Passive modelocking Saturable absorber Fig 3.12

Passive modelocking Saturable absorber Fig 3.13

Gain vs intensity Fig 3.14

Passive modelocking

Passive modelocking-saturable absorber Fig 3.17

Passive modelocking Saturable absorber

Passive modelocking Kerr lens

Passive modelocking - Saturable semiconductor mirror (SESAM)

Synchronous pumping

Frequency filtering

Passive modelocking-saturable absorber Fig 3.19

Hybrid modelocking Fig 3.20

Hybrid modelocking Fig 3.21

Titanium Sapphire energy level diagram

Passive modelocking-Kerr lens (early design)

Modern Titanium Sapphire laser

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