Aeronautical Ku-band Satellite Communication Single Focus Workshop 25 March 2010 Peter Lemme

KU Band

Ku-band Technical Working Group Formed in Dec 2007 ARINC 791 Part 1: Provisions (form and fit) March 2011 Part 2: Protocols (function) March 2012

Working Group Participants Airlines Delta, Lufthansa, KLM Airbus and Boeing Antenna, Radome, KRFU, KANDU TECOM, Cobham, AeroSat, EMS, Viasat, ThinKom, QEST, Starling Components EMS, Rockwell Collins, ITS Electronics, Gore, COMDEV, Tyco, Saint-Gobain, Souriau Service Provider (ModMan, Space Segment, Internet Gateway, Billing, Operations) Panasonic, Row 44 Others DDEi, AEEC, Aircell

Ku-band Satellite Geo-Stationary Orbit (GSO) Multiple transponders for full or partial lease Each transponder is 36-72 MHz wide Single transponder can cover a whole continent Most coverage over populated regions Designed for 0.8 to 1.2 meter fixed terminal Terminal transmit 13.75 to 14.50 GHz Terminal receive 10.7 to 12.75 GHz

Interference Transmission power spectral density under strict limits from two degrees of the target satellite Antenna transmit beamwidth most critical factor for compliance Aero antennas may not comply in some conditions Spread Spectrum Reduce EIRP

Transmit Limitations GSO Beamwidth EIRP Skew angle EIRP Achieved beam steering accuracy Spreading factors and modulations Other interference considerations Radio Astronomy Non-GSO operators

Data Link Efficiency Spectral Efficiency (bps per Hz) Modulation, Coding, Spreading As high as 1.0 under favorable scenarios Typical efficiency perhaps 0.3 Less then 0.1 under demanding scenarios

Data Rates Received at the airplane Transmitted from the airplane Forward Channel Single transponder 10 to 50 Mbps (shared) May receive multiple transponders for nearly limitless bandwidth Transmitted from the airplane Return Channel Single Channel Data rates typically 64 kbps to 1 Mbps

Ku-band Steerable-Array Antenna

Aircraft Antenna Installation Two frame spacings Seven fittings 32” to 37” swept volume 10” to 12” radome height

Regulatory Aeronautical Mobile Satellite Service (AMSS) ITU S.728-1 (psd) ETSI EN 301 428 V1.3.1 (psd) FCC 25.209 (gain), 25.222 (psd) Availability is not assured Secondary Allocation

Skew Angle Optimum situation Troublesome situation small azimuth beamwidth across GSO Troublesome situation wide elevation beamwidth across GSO Roll angle Tropic latitudes

Flat Plate 0.16 m x 0.90 m Versus Circular 0.45 m diameter

Other Issues and Concerns Bird strike Environmental Qualification Aircraft blockages Beam steering

Summary ARINC 791 will lead to common provisions and interchangeable components Viable technology Ku band forward channel capacity is unmatched Ku band return channel data rate is competitive with any other radio system Coverage is subject to market demand